58 BULLETIN" 1485, IT. • S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
cultivated for ornament, however, and is naturalized elsewhere in the eastern 
United States as far north as southern New York, and also in Europe. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic foot, green volume. — 31 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduces fairly readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Decidedly pinkish in color, frequently specky; very dif- 
ficult to bleach. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent. 
Bleach required: 35 to 40 per cent. 
By Soda Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Fairly easy to bleach. 
Yields: 40 to 45 per cent. 
Bleach required: 15 to 20 per cent. 
By Mechanical Process 
Not determined. 
Chestnut {Castanea dentata) 
Other names in use. — Chestnut is one of the few trees of commercial importance 
that has but one name. 
Range. — The entire stand of chestnut in the United states is being rapidly 
depleted by a fungous disease known as the "chestnut blight." Before it was 
attacked by the blight, chestnut grew in commercial quantities from New Hamp- 
shire and Vermont southward and westward in Connecticut, Massachusetts, 
New York, Pennsylvania, and along the Appalachian Mountains to northern 
Georgia. The commercial supply has been greatly diminished by the blight 
in the northern part of this region, and the best remaining stands are located 
in the southern Appalachians. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic foot, green volume. — 25 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 1 mm. 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduces fairly readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Olive-brown in color; very difficult to bleach. 
Yields: 40 to 45 per cent. 
Bleach required: 35 to 40 per cent. 
By Soda Process 
Does not reduce satisfactorily. When extracted, however, for the tannin 
content, chestnut chips reduce readily. The following statements apply to 
pulp made from extracted chips: 
Unbleached pulp: Bleaches easily. 
Yields: 35 to 40 per cent. 
Bleach required: 10 to 15 per cent. 
By Mechanical Process 
Not determined. 
Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) 
Other names in use. — Sugarberry and nettle-tree. 
Range. — From New England to Virginia and westward to eastern North 
Dakota, Iowa, southwestern Missouri, and western Kansas. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic foot, green volume. — 30 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 1.1 mm. 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduced readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Exceptionally light colored; easily bleached. 
The color of the bleached pulp is better than that obtained with any other 
wood pulp, comparing favorably with that of the finest bleached cotton. 
Yield: 40 to 45 per cent. 
Bleached required: 10 to 15 per cent. 
