46 BULLETIN 1485, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
By Sulphite Process 
Wood too oily for reduction to satisfactory pulp. 
By Sulphate Process 
Reduces readily. Cooking temperatures corresponding to 80 pounds steam 
pressure should not be exceeded. The knotty character of the wood and the 
smallness of the average bolt would offer difficulties in the wood room. 
Unbleached pulp: Strength easily impaired by too high cooking temperatures; 
practically impossible to bleach. 
Yields: 40 to 45 per cent. 
From 5 to 10 gallons of cedar oil per cord of wood may be recovered from the 
digester relief. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: Kraft wrapping papers. 
By Mechanical Process 
Wood too dark in color, too oily, and too knotty for the production of satis- 
factory pulp. 
Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata) 
Other names in use. — Red cedar, canoe cedar, arborvitae, shinglewood, gigantic, 
cedar, Pacific red cedar, and western cedar. 
Range. — From the coast of southern Alaska to northern California; eastward 
through British Columbia and northern Washington to northern Idaho and 
Montana. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic foot, green volume. — 19 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 3.8 mm. 
By Sulphite Process 
Pulp: Dark in color, shivy, and practically impossible to bleach. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: Limited chiefly by poor color and shiviness. 
By Sulphate Process 
Reduces readily. It is probable that the digester pressure during cooking 
should not exceed 90 pounds per square inch. 
Unbleached pulp: Very strong. 
Yields: 40 to 45 per cent. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: High-grade kraft wrapping papers and fiber 
board. 
By Mechanical Process 
Wood too dark for. production of satisfactory pulp. 
Southern Cypress (Taxodium distichum) 
Other names in use. — Cypress, bald cypress, red cypress, black cypress, white 
cypress, yellow cypress, and Gulf cypress. 
Range. — From southern Delaware southward in the Atlantic coast region 
to southern Florida; westward in the Gulf Coast region to western Texas, and 
northward through Louisiana to Oklahoma, Arkansas, northern and western 
Mississippi and Tennessee, southeastern Missouri, western Kentucky, southern 
Illinois, and southwestern Indiana. The greater part of the supply of this 
timber is in Louisiana and Florida. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic foot, green volume. — 27 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 3.3 mm. 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduces with difficulty. 
Unbleached pulp: Fairly strong but very dark in color; difficult to bleach. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent. 
Bleach required: 25 to 35 per cent. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: Limited chiefly by poor color. 
