THE SUITABILITY OF AMEBIC AN WOODS FOB PAPEB PULP 41 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduces readily- 
Unbleached pulp: Of excellent color and strength; fairly easily bleached. 
Yields : 45 to 50 per cent. 
Bleached required : 20 to 30 per cent. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: News, wrapping, book, and high-grade printing 
papers. 
By Sulphate Process 
Reduced readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Very strong, long fibered. 
Yields : 48 to 53 per cent of strong pulp. 
Bleaching properties probably similar to those of noble fir. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: High-grade kraft wrapping papers and fiber 
board. 
By Mechanical Process 
Behavior similar to that of white spruce. 
White Fir (Abies concolor) 
Other names in use. — Balsam fir, silver fir, white balsam, bastard pine, and 
blue fir. 
Range. — Southwestern Oregon to southern California; northern Arizona and 
New Mexico to Colorado and northern Utah. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic foot, green volume.— 22 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 3.5 mm. 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Of excellent color and strength; fibers larger and somewhat 
coarser than spruce fibers; easily bleached. 
Yields : 45 to 50 per cent. 
Bleach required: 10 to 15 per cent. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: News, wrapping, book, and high-grade printing 
papers. 
By Sulphate Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Very strong. 
Yields: 48 to 53 per cent of strong pulp, 38 to 43 per cent of pulp for bleaching. 
Bleach required : 20 to 30 per cent. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: High-grade kraft wrapping papers and fiber 
board. 
By Mechanical Process 
Reduces readily. 
Pulp: Of excellent color and standard strength. Pulps from young trees are 
usually of better quality than from old trees on account of the susceptibility of 
this species to heart rot. 
Power required: 15 to 20 per cent more than for white spruce. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: Practically all uses requiring ground wood. 
Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia) 
Other names in use. — Red fir, yellow fir, Oregon pine, Douglas spruce, red pine, 
Puget Sound pine, Santiam quality fir, and red spruce. 
Range. — From the Rocky Mountain region (in the United States) and north- 
ward to central British Columbia; westward to the Pacific coast and southward 
into northern Mexico and the mountains of western Texas. Over one-half of the 
present stand is in western Washington and Oregon. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic foot, green volume. — 28 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 4.4 mm. 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduces with difficulty on account of the pitchy character of the wood. 
Unbleached pulp: Of fair strength and poor color; probably somewhat pitchy. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent. 
Bleach required: 20 to 25 per cent. 
Uses to which the pulp is suited: Limited chiefly by poor color and content 
of pitch. 
