38 BULLETIN 1485, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Pehuen (Araucaria aurocana, formerly, A. imbricata) 
Other names in use. — Native names for this species are pehuen and pino pinon. 
In English-speaking countries it is commonly referred to as Araucaria pine and 
monkey-puzzle. 
Range. — Southern Brazil, Argentina, Chile. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic foot, green volume. — 33 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp : Light brown in color and of fair strength. 
Yields: 45 to 55 per cent. 
Bleach required: Probably more than 20 per cent. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: Wrapping papers. 
By Sulphate Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Of good strength, but somewhat softer than spruce sulphate. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent. 
Bleach required: 20 to 30 per cent in one stage, or 10 to 20 per cent in two 
stages. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: Kraft wrapping papers and fiber board. 
By Mechanical Process 
Probably yields a fair grade of pulp of about the color of jack pine ground 
wood, with reasonable consumption of power. 
3. THE FIRS 
Alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) 
Other names in use. — Sub-alpine fir, balsam, white fir, white balsam, Oregon 
balsam-tree, pumpkin tree, mountain balsam, black balsam, and balsam fir. 
Range. — Rocky Mountain region from northern Arizona; southwestern New 
Mexico to Montana and Idaho, and westward through the mountains of Oregon 
and Washington and northward to Alaska: high ranges of British Columbia 
and Alberta. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic foot, green volume. — 21 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Of excellent color and strength, easily bleached. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent. 
Bleach required: 10 to 15 per cent. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: News, wrapping, book, and high-grade printing 
papers. 
By Sulphate Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Very strong. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent of strong pulp, 40 to 45 per cent of pulp for bleaching. 
Bleach required: 20 to 30 per cent. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: High-grade kraft wrapping papers and fiber 
board. 
By Mechanical Process 
Reduces readily. 
Pulp: Of excellent color and standard strength. 
Power required: 15 to 25 per cent more than for spruce. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: Practically all uses requiring ground wood. 
