36 BULLETIN 1485 ; U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Of about the same color as hemlock sulphite, but with 
somewhat coarser fibers: probably pitchy. 
Yields: Probably 45 to 50 per cent. 
Bleach required: 20 to 30 per cent. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: Wrapping and printing papers. 
By Sulphate Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Of good strength; fibers longer and coarser than those of 
spruce. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent of strong pulp, 38 to 43 per cent of pulp for bleaching. 
Bleach required: 20 to 30 per cent in one stage, or 10 to 20 per cent in two 
stages. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: High-grade kraft wrapping papers, fiber board, 
and book stock. 
From 1 to 10 gallons (in the case of selected material) of turpentine per cord 
of wood may be recovered from the digester relief. 
By Mechanical Process 
Reduces readily. 
Pulp: Coarser than spruce pulp, and pitchy. 
Power required : 50 to 60 per cent more than for white spruce, to obtain the 
same strength of product. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: Limited chiefly by content of pitch. 
Short-leaf Pine (Pinus echinata) 
Other names in use. — Yellow pine, short-leafed pine, spruce pine, and bull 
pine. The lumber frequently goes under the name of North Carolina pine. 
Range. — From southeastern New York to western Florida, and westward 
into West Virginia, southern Illinois, southern Missouri, eastern Oklahoma, 
and eastern Texas. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic foot, green volume. — 31 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 3.7 mm. 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduces fairly readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Fairly strong; of the same color as hemlock sulphite, but 
with somewhat coarser fibers; probably pitchy. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent. 
Bleach required: 20 to 30 per cent. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: Wrapping papers. 
By Sulphate Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Fairly strong; fibers longer and coarser than those of spruce. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent of strong pulp, 38 to 43 per cent of pulp for bleaching. 
Bleach required: 20 to 30 per cent in one stage, or 10 to 20 per cent in two 
stages. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: High-grade kraft wrapping papers, fiber board, 
and book stock. 
From 1 to 10 gallons (in the case of selected materials) of turpentine per cord 
of wood may be recovered from the digester relief. 
By Mechanical Process 
Behavior similar to that of scrub pine. 
Pulps obtained from wood cut in the fall have good color, those from wood 
cut in the spring considerably poorer color. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: Limited chiefly by content of pitch. 
