30 BULLETIN 1485, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduces readily but unevenly. 
Unbleached pulp: Of dull greenish-brown color and fair strength. Shivy and 
harsh. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent. 
Bleach required: 20 to 30 per cent. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: Wrapping papers. 
By Sulphate Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Very strong. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent of strong pulp, 3S to 43 per cent of pulp for bleaching. 
Bleach required: More than 20 per cent in one stage, or 15 to 20 per cent in two 
stages. 
I ses to which pulp is suited: High-grade kraft wrapping papers and fiber 
board. 
By Mechanical Process 
Probably similar to that of northern white pine. 
Northern White Pixe [Pinus strobus) 
Other name* in use. — White pine, eastern white pine. Wisconsin white pine, 
Minnesota white pine, Canadian white pine, and cork pine. The term •"white 
pine" is also often applied in the trade to other species of pine the wood of which 
more or less resembles northern white pine in appearance and quality. 
Range. — From Newfoundland to Lake Winnipeg and southward through the 
Lake States, the New England States, and the Applachians as far south as north- 
ern Georgia. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic foot, green volume. — 23 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 4.1 mm. 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduces fairly readily but unevenly. 
Unbleached pulp: Dull greenish brown in color; shivy and harsh. 
Yields: 50 to 55 per cent. 
Bleach required: More than 25 per cent. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: Limited chiefly by dark color, shiviness, and 
harshness. 
By Sulphate Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Very strong. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent of strong pulp, 38 to 43 per cent of pulp for bleaching. 
Bleach required: 20 to 30 per cent in one stage, or 15 to 20 per cent in two 
stages. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: High-grade kraft wrapping papers and fiber 
board. 
By Mechanical Process 
Reduces readily. 
Pulp: of good color and standard strength, but pitchy. 
Power required: 30 to 40 per cent more than for white spruce. 
Uses to which pulp is suited: Limited chiefly by content of pitch. 
Jack Pixe (Pinus banksiana, formerly. P. divaricata) 
Other -names in use. — Scrub pine, gray pine, banksiana pine, and Hudson 
Bay pine. 
Range. — Nova Scotia to northern New Hampshire and west through the Great 
Lakes and southern shores of Hudson Bay region to Great Bear Lake. Mackenzie 
River, and Rocky Mountains; south into northern Maine, northern New Hamp- 
shire, and Vermont, northern New York, Michigan, northern Illinois, Wisconsin, 
and central and southeastern Minnesota. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic foot, green volume. — 24 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 2.5 mm. 
