THE SUITABILITY OF AMERICAN "WOODS FOR PAPER PULP 
Table 4. — Payer production of the United States for 1922 
Kind of product : duced " Pulps or other raw materials used 
Newsprint paper.. 
Paper boards. 
Book paper. . 
Wrapping paper. 
Tissue paper.. 
Hanging paper 
Felts 
1 1, 447, 
2, 153, 835 
981, 919 
836, 271 
Ground wood 80 per cent, sulphite 20 per cent. Old newspapers can be 
used. 
Old papers, ground wood, sulphate, sulphite, and straw. 
Bleached and unbleached sulphite, bleached soda, waste papers free 
from ground wood, cotton linters, rags. 
Sulphite, sulphate, ground wood, old papers, rope, textile waste, straw. 
Bag paper I 212,122 I Sulphate and sulphite. 
Fine papers ' 361,050 I Rags, cotton linters, bleached sulphite, bleached sulphate, bleached 
soda. 
197, 524 Rags, sulphite, sulphate, rope, textile waste, flax straw. 
91, 894 Old papers, ground wood, sulphite, sulphate, soda. 
420, 119 ; Rags, textile wastes, spent tan bark. 
Other grades • 311,433 
Compiled from reports of paper production made by the Federal Trade Commission. 
1 2,530,000 tons of newsprint was manufactured in the United States and Canada in 1922, over 80 per cent 
of which was consumed in the United States. 
On examination of the tables it can be seen how, by the more 
extended employment of bleached sulphate in book and of semi- 
bleached or unbleached sulphate in wrapping and bag paper — in many 
cases with improved results — the use of the more plentiful and less 
commonly used species may be greatly increased. 
Experimental work at the Forest Products Laboratory has demon- 
strated that the sulphate process applied to the southern pines, in 
combination with the gums and similar hardwoods of the South, 
will yield pulps which may be bleached by proper methods and used 
in the manufacture of book, magazine, and similar high-grade print- 
ing papers at reasonable manufacturing cost. The value of this 
experimental work is emphasized by the fact that the South is 
advantageously situated in respect to nearness to the publishing 
centers and availability of fuel, chemicals, and other raw materials. 
Not only has it enormous quantities of suitable woods available, but 
owing to climatic conditions the amount of wood which can be grown 
in the South is from 35 to 40 per cent of the potential productivity 
of the entire area of forest land in the United States. The growing 
capacity of unit areas is also very high. 
On the other hand, for pulps which require spruce, hemlock, and 
fir, woods of established value in making paper, there are stands in 
Oregon, Washington, and Alaska sufficient, under proper timber- 
growing methods, to supply approximately 5,000,000 cords a year. 
It has been due largely to economic conditions that the extensive 
development of these pulp resources has so long been retarded. Up 
to recent years the only outlet for mills on the Pacific coast has been 
the local consumption of paper and export to foreign countries. With 
the rapidly increasing cost of wood in the East greater margins will 
be created to allow for the cost of transporting pulp and paper from 
the Pacific coast to other parts of the United States; and such 
shipments will continue to be an increasing factor in the general 
situation. 
STANDARD PULPING METHODS 
At the present time there are two main classes of pulp made from 
wood, mechanical and chemical. 
MECHANICAL PROCESS 
Mechanical pulp is made by simply grinding the wood to pulp on a 
stone, enough water being used to control the temperature. The 
