2 BULLETIN 1485, U. S. DEPAKTMENT OF AGKICULTUEE 
reported upon in Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 343, 
"Ground- Wood Pulp," by J. H. Thickens and G. C. McNaughton. 
A small compilation of the chemical pulping experiments up to 
1912, by H. E. Surface, was published as an unnumbered Forest 
Service bulletin entitled "Paper pulps from Various Woods." 
Since 1912 articles on the subject have appeared from time to time 
in trade and technical journals, but this bulletin is the first attempt 
to present a report of the survey as a whole. 
The work had two objects: (1) To determine the suitability 
for paper manufacture of species growing on the national forests, 
so that the Forest Service might be able to guide timber sales efforts 
intelligently; and (2) to ascertain the relative merits of species 
not in common use but available to. established pulp mills, so that 
suitable species might be found to supplement the waning supplies 
of spruce. The results of the investigation of western species have 
already been used in consummating national forest timber sales 
have influenced the establishment not only of pulp mills dependent 
on national forest timber but also of mills dependent on private 
holdings. The severe shortage of materials experienced by the paper 
industry in 1919 emphasized the importance of supplementing the 
supplies of spruce, and it may be profitable to survey briefly con- 
ditions as they are now in order to bring out more clearly the pos- 
sible application of this part of the experimental work. 
THE PULP WOOD SITUATION 
According to the latest available statistics, one group of conifers, 
the spruces, supply 55 per cent, and three groups, the spruces, firs, 
and hemlocks, supply 77 per cent of the wood consumed by the 
pulp industry of the United States. Table 1 shows the propor- 
tion of the material that principal pulp woods supply for each pulp- 
ing process. 
Table 1. — Pulp wood consumption, by species and processes of manufacture, 
for the United States, 1922 l 
Species pulped 
Mechanical 
process 
Sulphite 
process 
Soda 
process 
Sulphate 
process 
Totals by 
species 
Cords 
Per 
cent 
Cords 
Per 
cent 
Cords 
Per 
cent 
Cords 
Per 
cent 
Cords 
Per 
cent 
Spruces. . .. . 
1, 303, 169 
89, 537 
65, 776 
8,115 
87.3 
6.0 
4.4 
.5 
1, 650, 660 
224,415 
795, 980 
2,135 
59.7 
8.1 
28.8 
.1 
1,121 
.1 
77, 940 
39, 378 
27, 768 
16, 193 
15.5 
7.8 
5.5 
3.2 
3, 032, 890 
353, 330 
893, 195 
337, 931 
102, 200 
52, 058 
422, 724 
69. 294 
286, 220 
54.7 
Firs - 
6.4 
Hemlocks. .... . . 
3,671 
311,488 
102, 200 
52, 058 
117,094 
.5 
39.6 
13.0 
6.6 
14.9 
16.1 
3. 1 
Yellow poplar 
1.8 
Gums.. ... . 
.9 
Pines . . . 
25, 240 
2,100 
90 
1.7 
.1 
.0 
9,865 
10, 599 
71, 625 
.3 
.4 
2.6 
270, 525 
55, 595 
15, 169 
53.9 
11.1 
3.0 
7.6 
1.2 
All other species 2 . 
199, 336 
25.3 
5.2 
Total by processes . . . 
1, 494, 027 
26.9 
2, 765, 279 
49.9 
786, 968 
14.2 
502, 568 
9.0 
5, 548, 842 
100.0 
1 Based on Table 4, " Pulp wood consumption and wood-pulp production, 1922, " Bureau of the Census. 
2 Includes slabs and other mill waste. Species are basswood, beech, birch, maple, chestnut, cotton- 
wood, Douglas fir, white pine, and willow. 
