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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Wm BULLETIN No. 1101 SB 
Washington, D. C. 
November 2, 1922 
UNIT REQUIREMENTS FOR PRODUCING MARKET 
MILK IN DELAWARE. 
By J. B. Bain. Market Milk Specialist, and Ralph P. Hotis, Assistant Market 
Milk Specialist. Dairy Division. Bureau of Animal Industry. 
CONTEXTS. 
Page. 
Character and scope of the work . 1 
Methods used in obtaining data 2 
Seasonal influence of winter and 
summer on cost factors 3 
Description of herds 3 
Requirements for producing milk 3 
Credit for calves 5 
Credit for manure 5 
Requirements for keeping a bull 7 
Factors involved in the production 
of milk 7 
Feed 7 
Page. 
Factors involved in the production 
of milk — Continued. 
Pasture 8 
Labor 8 
Other costs 9 
Percentage comparison of factors in- 
volved in milk production 11 
Average compared with bulk-line 
costs 12 
Monthly distribution of factors in 
milk production 13 
Summary 14 
CHARACTER AND SCOPE OF THE WORK. 
What does it cost to produce milk? Dairymen everywhere want 
an answer to this important question. To supply accurate informa- 
tion along this line the United States Department of Agriculture, 
through the Dairy Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry, be- 
gan a series of field studies in 1915, which have been completed and 
bulletins published on the requirements for producing milk in typical 
market-milk sections of Xorth Carolina. Indiana, Vermont, Wash- 
ington, Louisiana, and Nebraska. 
The project with which this bulletin deals was organized in Dela- 
ware in June, 1919. The milk from this section is sold as market 
milk in Philadelphia and Wilmington. The cost of producing milk 
depends in part on the sanitary conditions and equipment in the dairy 
and the care exercised in maintaining cleanliness and in keeping milk 
111626°— 22 
