4 BULLETIN 1101, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Table 1. — Units required, except charge for management, for producing 100 
pounds of milk in winter and in summer. 
"Winter. 
Sum- 
mary 
of two 
win- 
ters. 
Summer. 
Sum- 
mary 
Item. 
1919- 
20. 
1920- 
21. 
1919- 
20.i 
1920- 
21.2 
of two 
sum- 
mers. 
Feed: 
Purchased concentrates 
Home-grown grains 
.pounds.. 
do 
....do.... 
36.2 
17.5 
38.2 
15.5 
37.2 
16.5 
18.4 
3.5 
9.7 
.6 
13.6 
1.9 
Total concentrates 
53.7 
53.7 
53.7 
21.9 
10.3 
15.5 
SO. 01 
SO. 01 
$0.01 
$0. 003 
$0. 002 
.pounds.. 
do 
....do.... 
....do.... 
..pounds.. 
do 
Noncommercial roughage 
Commercial carbohydrate ha y 
Commercial legume hay 
81.4 
13.3 
5.9 
95.7 
28.8 
4.2 
88.3 
20.8 
5.1 
4.1 
2.3 
1.8 
3.9 
1.0 
.2 
4.0 
1.6 
.9 
Total dry roughage 
100.6 
128.7 
114.2 
8.2 
5.1 
6.5 
Silage and other succulent roughage. . . 
Bedding 
Pasture 
76.2 
17.4 
SO. 04 
106.6 
IS. 4 
SO. 09 
91.0 
17.9 
SO. 06 
12.5 
4.1 
$0.47 
5.1 
2.8 
SO. 49 
10.3 
3.4 
$0.48 
. . .hours. . 
....do.... 
Labor: 
Human 
Horse 
2.6 
.5 
2.7 
.5 
2.6 
.5 
2.7 
.5 
2.4 
.3 
2.5 
.4 
Other costs: 
$0.23 
.09 
.10 
.12 
.14 
.03 
$0. 28 
.12 
.07 
.23 
.19 
.02 
$0.25 
.10 
.08 
.17 
.16 
.03 
$0.26 
.10 
.11 
.13 
.12 
.03 
.003 
$0.23 
.10 
.06 
.19 
.15 
.02 
$0.25 
.10 
Herd charges: Taxes, insurance, veterinary service, 
.08 
Interest on cow investment 
A .16 
Cost of keeping bull 
•.14 
Motor-truck charge 
.02 
on cows... 
Total other costs, except depreciation 
.71 
.12 
.91 
.36 
.79 
.24 
.753 
.14 
.75 
.30 
.75 
.23 
SO. 83 
$1.27 
$1.03 
$0. 893 
$1.05 
$0.98 
1 The summer season of 1919-20 consisted of June, July, August, September, and October of 1919 and 
May of 1920. 
2 June, July, August, September, and October of 1920 and May of 1921. 
Note. — The summaries of the unit requirements arc printed in bold-faced type for convenient reference. 
During the winter a large quantity of grain was fed for each 100 
pounds of milk produced. The decreased quantity of grain fed 
during the second summer as compared with the first summer 
should be noted. 
Table 2. — Number of coics, average production, and requirements for keeping 
a cow during each season and for the entire gear, except charge for man- 
agement. 
Item. 
Winter. 
Summer. 
Entire 
year. 
520. 540. 5 
530.3 
Average production per cow pounds. . 
2,725 
2,714 
5,439 
Purchased concentrates do. 
Home-grown grains do. 
1,014 
451 
Total concentrates do ' 
Hauling and grinding grain 
Noncommercial roughage pounds. . 
Commercial carbohydrate hay do 
Commercial legume hay do 
Total dry roughage do 
368 
52 
420 
1,382 
503 
$0.30 
$0. 04 ! 
$0.34 
2,407 
568 
139 
108 | 
42 1 
25 | 
2,515 
610 
164 
1 3,114 
175 | 
3,289 
