PRODUCING MARKET MILK IX DELAWARE. 7 
A ton of average manure saved on the farms studied, according to 
the methods used for determining it, was estimated to contain the 
following fertilizing constituents: 
rounds. 
Nitrogen 10. 3 
Phosphoric acid 3. 8 
Potash 8.4 
When the nitrogen in commercial fertilizers was worth 18 cents, 
phosphoric acid 5 cents, and potash 6 cents per pound, the fertilizing 
value of these ingredients in a ton of manure would have been $2.55. 
REQUIREMENTS FOR KEEPING A BULL. 
On most of the farms the bulls were fed a comparatively small 
quantity of grain. In summer they were generally allowed to run on 
pasture with the cows. 
The large proportion of noncommercial roughage used, which con- 
sisted chiefly of corn fodder and stover, shows that the herd sires 
were fed as cheaply as possible. The yearly cost of keeping the bull 
was not low. however, due to the size of each of the items under 
•* Other cost-.'* 
Table 5. — Requirements for keeping a bull by season*, based on averages 
obtained from the equivalent of 31 bull*. 
Item. 
Winter. 
Summer. 
Entire 
year. 
Feed: 
Purchased concentrates 
Home-grown grain 
pounds.. 
do 
do.... 
do.... 
do.... 
do.... 
do.... 
do.... 
do. ... 
408 
210 
2s9 
72 
697 
282 
Total concentrates 
618 
361 
979 
Noncommercial roughage 
Commercial carbohydrate hay 
Commercial legume" hay ." 
2.712 
474 
172 
123 
554 
181 
2,835 
1,028 
3.53 
Total dry roughage 
3,358 
858 
4,216 
Succulent roughage 
Bedding 
720 
20 
$1.08 
12.1 
137 
16 
$10. 02 
9.1 
857 
36 
$11. 10 
Human labor 
hours.. 
21.2 
Insurance and interest on bull investment 
$11.31 
6.99 
15.71 
$11.46 
7.07 
15.92 
S22. 77 
Rnll's share of buildings . . 
14 06 
Depreciation 7 
31 63 
Total other costs 
34.01 
34.45 
2.43 
68.46 
Credit for outside bull service 
2.43 
Total other costs less outside bull service 
34.01 
32.02 
66.03 
FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE PRODUCTION OF MILK. 
FEED. 
Concentrates, in the meaning of this study, are grains and their by- 
products prepared for feeding. 
Home-grown grains are concentrates grown on the farm or in the 
locality where fed. 
