PRODUCING MARKET MILK IN DELAWARE. 
13 
In the scale of costs for the first winter in Table 10, the location 
for the bulk line on this basis is immediately following $3.88. It 
will be noted that 81.7 per cent of the milk was produced at $3.88, 
or less, per 100 pounds. 
The schedule of costs for the second winter shows a sharp increase 
in price after 84.1 per cQnt of the volume of milk was produced. 
Thus at $1.96 only 6.7 per cent more milk was produced but at an 
increased cost of 95 cents per 100 pounds. A similar sharp increase 
also exists at $5.88. the increase in volume of milk at this cost being 
only 3.4 per cent and the increase in cost amounting to 92 cents. 
These results emphasize two equally important facts : First, that 
the income from milk in winter failed by a large margin to equal 
the cost of production for the bulk-line supply; and. second, that 
there was a wide range in costs between the more efficient dairymen 
and the higher cost producers. "Where a winter supply of milk is 
needed, the price must be high enough to stimulate increased produc- 
tion to the necessary demand. 
In the dairy business, as in other industries, the net income de- 
pends upon net profit made from milk sold and upon the volume of 
milk sold. 
MONTHLY DISTRIBUTION OF FACTORS IN MILK PRODUCTION. 
How did the quantity of milk produced in summer compare with 
that in winter ? Did the monthly income received for milk sold fluc- 
tuate fairly uniformly with the quantity sold? Did the dairymen 
receive the higher income during those months when it cost the most 
to produce milk? Table 11 gives information on these queries. 
Yearly figures were used as the basis for computing percentages- 
Table 11. — Distribution by months of milk prices, milk sold and used, feed cost, 
and labor required. 
. Income 
Month and season. P£™ 
of milk. 
Income 
from 
milk 
sold 
and 
used. 
Milk 
sold 
and 
Feed, 
pasture, 
and 
bedding 
cost. 
Pasture 
and 
bedding 
cost 
minus 
manure 
and 
bedding 
credits. 
Human labor. 
Per 100 
pounds 
of milk. 
Per cow- 
Horse labor. 
Per 100 
pounds Per cow. 
of milk, i 
1919-20. 
May 
June 
July 
August 
September 
October 
$3.23 | 
3.03 t 
3.07 ! 
3.45 
3.73 
3.98 
Per cent. 
10.3 
9.0 
6.4 
6.5 
7.2 
7.1 
Per cent 
10.9 
10.1 
7.1 
6.4 
6.5 
6.1 
Percent. 
5.3 
4.5 
4.6 
4.7 
5.6 
6.1 
Per cent 
4.9 
4.1 
4.2 
4.3 
5.6 
5.7 
Hours. 
2.1 
2.4 
3.1 
3.2 
3.1 
3.1 
mrs. 
Hours. 
12.5 
0.3 
13.4 
-4 
12.5 
.0 
11.6 
.7 
10.9 
.6 
10.3 
.4 
Hours. 
2.0 
2.2 
2.2 
2.5 
2.0 
1.2 
Summer. 
November. . . 
December 
January 
February 
March 
April 
Winter . 
Year.... 
47.1 
28.4 
2.7 
11.* 
3.43 
53. 
3.62 
7.4 
6.9 
7.8 
6.0 
3.54 
8.5 
8.1 
11.9 
10.1 
3.46 
9.5 
9.4 
12.9 
11.1 
3.36 
9.3 
9.4 
11.9 
10.1 
3.33 
9.8 
10.0 
12.5 
10.7 
3.36 
9.0 
9.1 
12.2 
10.4 
2.7 
2.8 
2.7 
2.5 
2.6 
2.5 
10.0 
12.4 
14.1 
13.2 
14.5 
12.4 
52. 
69.2 
2.6 
12. 
3.40 
100.0 100.0 
100.0 
2.7 
12.3 
2.0 
1.1 
2.4 
2.6 
2.4 
3.4 
1.9 
2.3 
2.2 
