PRODUCING MARKET MILK IX DELAWARE. 15 
During the summer months the requirements for producing 100 
pounds of milk were : Concentrates 15.5 pounds, hauling and grind- 
ing concentrates $0,002; dry roughage, 6.5 pounds; silage and 
other succulent roughage 10.3 pounds : bedding 3.1 pounds ; pasture 
$0.48; human labor 2.5 hours; horse labor 0.1 hour; total other 
costs except depreciation on cows $0.75 ; depreciation on cows $0.23. 
(See Table 1.) 
The average production per cow per year was 5.139 pounds of 
milk and the requirements for keeping a cow one year were : Con- 
centrates 1,885 pounds; hauling and grinding concentrates $0.31; 
dry roughage 3.289 pounds; silage and other succulent roughage 
2.760 pounds; bedding 578 pounds; pasture $11.68, human labor 
140.1 hours; horse labor 23.8 hours; total other costs except deprecia- 
tion on cows 812.13: depreciation on cows $12.59. (See Table 2.) 
There was a credit, per year, of 0.91 of one calf for each cow. 
(See Table 3.) The credit for manure per cow amounted to 5,376 
pounds. (See Table 1.) It was estimated that a ton of this ma- 
nure contained 10.3 pounds of nitrogen. 3.8 pounds of phosphoric 
acid, and 8.1 pounds of potash. 
In the winter season 28.2 per cent of the work was performed by 
the managers. QS per cent by hired men, 1.4 per cent by women, and 
2.1 per cent by boys and girls. During the summer 26.9 per cent 
was performed by the managers, 63.7 per cent by hired men. 1.6 per 
cent by women, and 7.8 per cent by boys and girls. (See Table 6.) 
In winter 83-3 per cent of the labor was expended for production, 
5.1 per cent for handling, and 11.6 per cent for hauling. During the 
summer 77.6 per cent of the labor was expended for producing milk, 
7.9 per cent in handling, and 11.5 per cent in hauling the milk. (See 
Table 7.) 
The capital invested in buildings amounted to $118.11 per cow. 
The equipment investment per cow was $16.15 and the investment in 
the cows themselves amounted to $154.93 per cow. The annual 
charges for interest, depreciation, taxes, and similar items on build- 
ings amounted to 9.7 per cent of the capital invested. The equip- 
ment expense amounted to 28.9 per cent of the investment in equip- 
ment, and the expenses against the cows themselves amounted to 
15.1 per cent of the investment. The combined yearly charge for 
buildings, equipment, and herd was 13.5 per cent of the total capital 
invested in them. (See Table 8.) 
Fifty-three per cent of the cost of producing milk was due to feed, 
bedding, and pasture ; 16.7 per cent to labor, 7 per cent to deprecia- 
tion on cows, and 23.3 per cent to other costs. There was a credit 
of 7.5 per cent for calves and 5.7 per cent for manure. (See Table 9.) 
