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STRAWBERRY ROOTWORM ON GREENHOUSE ROSES 3 
Paria and Typophorus as separate genera, with canella, quadrinotata, 
and gilvipes as distinct species of Paria, and in 1920 Leng (27, p. 294) 
also separated the two genera, but listed only the one species canella 
under Paria with gilvipes and quadrinotata as two of the nine 
varieties of the species. The writer has followed Leng’s use of the 
names. 
The synonymy of Paria canella quadrinotata (Say) appears, there- 
fore, to be as follows: ‘ 
1824. Colaspis quadrinotata Say (26, p. 446). 
1858. Paria quadrinotata (Say) LeConte (20, p. 86). 
1873. Paria sexnotata quadrinotata (Say) Crotch (7, p. 39). 
1892. Typophorus canellus quadrinotatus (Say) Horn (16, p. 208). 
1914. Paria quadrinotata (Say) Clavareau (4, p. 156). 
1920. Paria canella quadrinotata (Say) Leng (21, p. 294). 
The synonymy of P. canella gilvipes (Crotch) appears to be as 
follows: | 
1833. Metachroma gilvipes Dejean (nomen nudum) (8, p. 412.) 
1873. Paria sexnotata gilvipes (Dejean) Crotch (7, p. 39). 
1892. Typophorus canellus aterrimus gilwipes (Crotch) Horn (16, p. 208). 
1914. Paria gilwipes (Crotch) Clavareau (4, p. 156). 
1920. Paria canella gilvipes (Crotch) Leng (21, p. 294). 
ECONOMIC HISTORY AND FOOD PLANTS * 
Cook (5), in a paper read in 1880 and published in 1881, seems to 
have been the first to mention the four-spotted Paria as injurious 
to strawberry. Since then a number of accounts have referred to 
the insect as a strawberry pest. Strawberry, raspberry, juniper, 
wild crab apple, and cinquefoil are mentioned as hosts of the adults 
‘| by Forbes (13, p. 169) in 1884. In 1893 Webster (28, p. 202) “ ob- 
served them in Ohio eating holes in the leaves of blackberry and _ 
_ raspberry.” Injury to raspberry is recorded in Canada by Fletcher 
(11, p. 81; 12, p. 216) in 1894 and 1895, and in Maine by Harvey 
(15, pp. 106-110) in 1896. 
In correspondence received by the Bureau of Entomology on 
May 10, 1905, from Rutland, Md., it was stated that the foliage of 
Prairie and Harrison rose plants was being perforated by beetles. 
The specimens were probably Zypophorus canellus but because of 
their crushed condition the determination was not positive. 
Felt (10, p. 537) records butternut, mountain ash, and heath aster 
(Aster ericoides) as hosts. According to Swenk (27, p. 83, pl. 3, b) 
thousands of the beetles were found feeding voraciously in an apple 
orchard in Nebraska. Neither of these references associates any 
particular variety of Paria canella with these hosts. The variety 
sexnotata 1s recorded on juniper by Say (26, p. 446) in 1824. 
Black walnut buds were reported as being injured by specimens 
received by the Bureau of Entomology in April, 1921, from Ithaca, 
N. Y., and determined ‘* as Paria canella Fab. In the same month 
Britton (3, p. 195) reported injury on the tender terminal leaves of 
Japanese walnut by adults of the varieties gilvipes and quadrinotata 
at Wilton, Conn. In July, 1921, J. K. Primm found adults of the 
variety gilvipes feeding on leaves of butternut in a nursery at West 
8 Because of the confusion in the varietal nomenclature, it has been difficult in many 
cases to decide whether references to the species Paria canella refer to quadrinotata or 
to gilvipes. Where a description was given which corresponded with the characters of 
either of these varieties, the reference has been cited. 
# Determined by E. A. Schwarz, Bureau of Entomology. 
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