STRAWBERRY ROOTWORM ON GREENHOUSE ROSES aA 
which forms the upper side of a longitudinal groove, the lower edge of which is 
made up of the coxe of the legs on the thoracic segments and a row of only 
slightly prominent tubercles on‘the abdominal segments, one on each. Hach 
tubercle in this second row bears a bunch of from two to four sete. A trans- 
verse ventral ridge is present on each abdominal segment and bears two 
groups of short spines on each side of the ventrimeson. These form two 
longitudinal rows along the abdomen. The medial groups are each composed 
of from 8 to 10 spines, except those on the last segment, which only have 4 or. 
5 spines, while the outer groups have from 4 to 6 spines. All the spines on the 
abdominal ventral ridges arise at a sharp, acute angle from the body and point 
backward. 
The head is smooth, somewhat flattened in front, and bears a few sete. 
The clypeus is transverse, trapezoidal, narrowing forward, and the labrum 
is rounded in front. The minute antenne are four-jointed, the outer angle 
of the third joint being continued in a cylindrical process which reaches to . 
the end of the triangular fourth joint. ‘The maxille are moderately developed. 
The cardinal and basal pieces are not well distinguished, the maxillary lobe 
is armed with stout spines within, and the palpi are prominent and four-jointed 
The labium is thick and semicircular, with little appearance of a palpigerous 
tubercie. The labial palpi are slender, cylindrical, and unarticulated. The 
bifid mandibles are dark brown with black tips, and therefore stand out in 
marked contrast to the light-colored head and body. 
The legs are about as long as their corresponding segments and are white, 
with the exception of the simple claws, which are dark brown at the tips. 
There are a few set# on the legs, becoming short and Sspinelike toward the 
claws. 
EARLY ACTIVITIES AND LOCATION IN THE SOIL 
That the newly emerged grubs are very active and have consider- 
able vitality was demonstrated when five larve were kept in a 
small gelatine capsule with only the dried léaf bearing the empty 
eggshells from which they hatched. They remained alive from 
three to five days. 
The leaf (fig. 4) carrying the egg mass may drop or be washed 
to the ground by the force of the syringing water before the larvee 
hatch, so that they may crawl off directly on the soil; but if the 
leaf is still stuck to the twigs or stakes the larve do not hesitate 
to drop off. Newly hatched larve have been placed on a piece of 
paper and their course of travel traced. Their tortuous trail was 
in every case made up of a series of loops, always to the right if 
the little larva started that way, or to the left if the first turn was 
to the left. One larva traveled a distance of approximately 36 
inches in 63 minutes, at the end of which it was 414 inches in a 
straight line from the starting point, having crossed its path 15 
times, always turning to the right. These actions probably explain 
why the larve always bore their way into the soil with a spiral 
motion. 
Presumably the larvee enter the ground (fig. 4) as soon as they 
abandon the leaf on which they hatched. Larve placed on the soil 
of beds immediately aiter hatching entered the ground not more 
than 2 inches from where they were first placed. Others put on 
the soil of potted plants would bore into the first crevices or open- 
ings which they encountered. Only in a very few instances were 
these newly hatched larve observed to remain on the soil surface 
longer than 15 minutes. Some larve which were dropped on soil 
from a height of 18 inches immediately worked their way into the 
ground, and 75 per cent of them were found alive three days later. 
The entire larval stage is spent in the soil (fig. 4), usually close 
to the ball of roots of the rose plants. Oftentimes larve have been 
