4 BULLETIN 963, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
which are made from time to time; but it has been found that an_ 
analysis of a suitable number of farm reports supplies material } 
indicating clearly the trend of affairs in such a group, and that 
conclusions drawn therefrom can be regarded as significant. 
PRESENTING THE DATA. 
The first part of this bulletin inciudes a detailed analysis of the 
total cost of production. Here the total cost of man and horse labor, 
the total expense for materials, etc., are combined for the purpose of 
showing the average district cost of producing an acre or a ton of 
beets on the farms surveyed. These costs are distributed over the 
entire beet acreage for these farms. The practice sheets show the § 
actual acreage covered, by operations, and the labor requirements are | 
worked out for the number of acres covered by each implement. 
When the cost for operations not performed on all farms is charged | 
against the entire beet crop the average is lowered. In determining | 
a regional cost, the entire crop must bear any expense that may 
apply to a part of the acreage. 
The second part describes in some detail the field operations which 
were employed in producing the 1918 and 1919 beet crops. Each _ 
district is treated as a unit and the tables show the percentage of 
total records and the percentage of total acreage covered in each | 
operation. The most common crew is also given, and the average § 
man and horse requirement for each of these field operations. 
While the farm practice studies as a whole are applicable to 220 § 
records, the different methods which are described were not followed 
on allfarms. Plowing, harrowing with spike tooth, leveling, rolling- 
planting, cultivating, furrowing out and irrigating, blocking, thinning, J 
hoeing, lifting, topping, loading, and hauling are operations common 
to most farms. 
In presenting the farm practice data each district is discussed 
separately. The results have been compiled in such a way as to show 
the most common crew and the total average labor requirements for 
each of the four areas studied. The range in labor requirements is 
also given. : 
Tables are also given for the purpose of showing the range in unit 
cost for the individual farms included in this study. Ail farms are 
brought together in Table XIII. The respective districts are treated 
separately, with respect to range in cost per ton, in Tables XIV 
to XVII. 
AREAS STUDIED. 
Four distinct areas were included in this survey. In Utah County 
an area was selected in the vicinity of Lehi and 44 records were ob- 
tained. Utah County has been an important beet-producing center ¥ 
