2 BULLETIN 837, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
HISTORY IN OHIO. 
The grape-berry moth was destructive in Ohio as early as 1869, 
according to Goodwin. 1 This was shortly after grape production 
became an extensive industry in the State. In 1881 the insect is re- 
corded as having been especially destructive on the islands in Lake 
Erie. 1 Injury in Ohio was extensive again in 1905 and 1906, but later 
decreased and in 1909 and 1910 the berry moth caused comparatively 
little damage lj 2 . The infestation became severe again in 1913 and 
1911 and reached its height in 1915, when in some local sections as 
much as two-thirds of the entire crop was ruined. The infestation 
continued high in 1916, the first season of the investigations here re- 
ported, and was but slightly less in 1917. Due to a cold autumn, 
however, the commercial damage was much less in 1917 than in any 
one of the four years preceding. In 1918, the last year of these in- 
vestigations, the infestation about Cleveland was of no commercial 
importance, but in the section about Sandusky the loss was heavy in 
many unsprayed Catawba vineyards. 
NORTHERN OHIO CONDITIONS AFFECTING INFESTATION. 
The grape-berry moth has been a more general pest in the north- 
ern Ohio section than in the commercial grape sections of New York, 
Pennsylvania, or Michigan. This statement is based on published 
reports 3 ' 4 and on observations made by the senior author during the 
seasons of 1914-1918 inclusive. 
Four principal factors have brought about this condition: The 
varieties grown, the cultural practices, the method of harvest, and 
the training system. 
VARIETIES GROWN. 
The Catawba variety predominates in the grape section about 
Sandusky and on the neighboring Lake Erie islands. Due to its late 
harvest this variety offers ideal conditions for the second-brood 
larvae to mature and to reach winter quarters. In all the experi- 
mental work conducted the Catawba variety has been uniformly in- 
fested more heavily than the Concord, which is the predominating 
variety in the Chautauqua-Erie belt of Pennsylvania and New York 
and in Michigan sections. 
CULTURAL PRACTICES. 
Late in the fall, after grape harvest, a majority of the vineyards 
are " plowed on.-' This operation consists in beginning next to the 
1 Goodwin, W. H. The grape-berry worm (Polychrosis vitcana Clemens). Ohio Agr. 
Exp. Sta. Bui. 293, p. 259-307 (20 pi. on p. 28S-307). 1916. 
2 Gossard, H. A., and Ilouser, J. S. The grape-berry worm. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. Circ. 
63. 16 p., fig. 1906. 
3 Johnson, Fred, and Hammar, A. G. The grape-berry moth. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. 
Ent. Bui. 116, Pt. II, p. 15-71, fig. 4-22, pi. 4-S. 1012. 
4 Isely, Dwight. Control of the grape-berry moth in the Erie-Chautauqua grape belt. 
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 550. 44 p., 9 fig., 6 pi. 1917. 
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