CONTROL OF GRAPE-BERRY MOTH. 21 
quality of the laundry soap appears equally as great as that of the 
resin. However, when the first and second sprays are applied and 
the third omitted, leaving a longer period between the last spray 
application and harvest time, it appears from field observations that 
the resin soap adheres longer than the laundry soap. 
The resin fish-oil soap used was the commercial product obtained 
in bulk and of the consistency of thick molasses. This soap is readily 
dissolved in hot water and wets the clusters (PI. IV, fig. 2) easily, 
as is indicated by the use of but 75 gallons as compared with 100 
gallons of laundry soap solution and 110 of soft soap solution. The 
resin soap adhered the longest of any material tried. It was found 
that 1 pound of this soap to 50 gallons was about as efficient as 2 
pounds of the other soaps and at the rate of 1 pound to 50 gallons 
is as cheap. No difference in compatibility with Bordeaux and ar- 
senate of lead could be noted among the different soaps. 
In conclusion it can be said that the resin fish-oil soap proved to 
have all the desired qualities of a spreader and adhesive and in the 
present state of knowledge appears the best spreader to use in grape 
spraying. 1 
Combination Sprays. 
In the Sandusky and Lake Erie island sections where the Catawba 
variety predominates it is desirable to combine a fungicide for con- 
trol of downy mildew, Plasmophora viticola, with the arsenical and 
soap for rootworm beetle and grape-berry moth control. In the other 
sections it is sometimes desirable to use the same combination for 
blackrot and insect control. 
Bordeaux, either 2-2-50, 2-3-50, or 3-3-50, was used in combination 
with arsenate of lead powder \\ and 2J pounds to 50 with soaps at 
the rate of 1 and 2 pounds to 50. In some of the experiments the 
copper sulphate was omitted and stone lime, 2 pounds to 50 gallons, 
was used. The combining of the insecticide with the fungicide 
appeared to make no difference in insect control. 
In some cases slight burning of Concord and Catawba foliage and 
serious burning of Ives foliage resulted from application of the Bor- 
deaux-arsenate of lead-soap combination. The burning was most 
noticeable during the abnormally wet season of 1917. Experiments 
were conducted in 1918 to determine the material or combination 
causing the burning. The combinations of arsenate of lead and soap 
with Bordeaux proved responsible. Wherever the copper sulphate 
was omitted and the arsenate-soap-lime mixture was used, no injury 
resulted. 
*An appreciable difference was noticed in the length of time required to " wet " the 
clusters of different varieties. Beginning with Niagaras, which were most readily wet, the 
other varieties followed in about this order : Catawbas, Delawares, Ives, and Concords. 
This difference is apparently closely correlated with the waxy bloom on the grape berries. 
