18 BULLETIN 623, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
and sharply pointed. The trees usually can be picked out in estab- 
lished orchards by the fact that unless freshly pruned they stand 
several feet above neighboring trees of other strains. Efforts to 
induce fruitfulness in the trees of this strain by severe pruning or 
other similar tree treatments have been unsuccessful, the effect of 
pruning being to induce increased vegetative growth. 
The fruits from trees of the Australian strain fall into three groups : 
Those resembling Washington fruits except as to size and quality; 
those having a flattened shape with a peculiar wrinkled or ribbed 
appearance about the stem end, as shown in Plate IV; and those of 
large size and globular shape, with a very coarse, rough texture of 
rind, which is frequently correlated with an unusually thick rind 
and inferior quality of juice, as shown by its low sugar content. 
Illustrations of this last group are shown in Plate V. The Australian 
fruits are usually yellowish orange in color and are inferior in com- 
mercial value to those of the Washington and Thomson strains. 
The rag generally is abundant and coarse. The juice usually is small 
in quantity, of poor flavor and inferior quality. The fruits normally 
are seedless and have large navels, which, in some cases, form large 
protuberances. These detract from the appearance and market 
value of the fruits and are likely to be injured in handling. Under 
the operation of a sugar and acid ratio standard in commercial 
picking, the fruits of the Australian strain usually do not come up 
to the maturity standard during the regular picking season and there- 
fore must be left on the trees or discarded, making their production 
almost or wholly a total loss to the growers. 
Several trees of the Australian strain in the performance-record 
plats have been top-worked by using bud wood from Washington 
trees. The buds of the Washington strain in the Australian trees 
have made very satisfactory growth and have produced Washington 
strain foliage and fruits. As a rule, it has required from three to five 
years to bring the rebudded Australian trees up to the normal produc- 
tion of neighboring Washington trees. 
GOLDEN NUGGET STRAIN. 
The Golden Nugget strain, 1 like the Thomson, has been propagated 
commercially in California and is accepted as a distinct variety by 
many nurserymen and growers, having been introduced by the 
San Dimas Nursery Co., of San Dimas, Cal., 3 and by Mr. J. P. 
Engelhart, of Glendora, Cal. 3 Its commercial cultivation is limited, 
being confined for the most part to a few small experimental plantings. 
In most navel-orange groves trees of this strain are of frequent 
1 Sometimes called the Golden Buckeye. 
* Nursery catalogue of the San Dimas Nursery Co., 1903-4. In this publication the Golden Buckeye and 
Golden Nugget navel oranges are listed separately. 
* Personal interview with Mr. Engelhart, May 17, 1910. 
