4 BULLETIN 274, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
reasons can not be shipped fresh at a profit. During periods follow- 
ing protracted rains, when berries are too soft for shipping, they 
are utilized for canning purposes and are not a total loss to the 
grower, as would necessarily be the case without canning facili- 
ties. The association has over 1,500 members, with individual 
plantings ranging from a few plants on a city lot to 15 or more 
acres. 
The average berry yard consists of a few acres planted to different 
varieties of berries, usually half or more planted to red raspberries. 
METHODS OF GROWING RED RASPBERRIES. 
There are almost as many different ideas of how the red raspberry 
should be planted, pruned, and trained as there are growers. The 
most common practice in the Puyallup-Sumner district at the pres- 
I'ic, 3.—Red raspberries at Puyallup, Wash., grown in continuous rows in accordance 
with the upright system of training. 
ent time is to plant in rows from 6 to 8 feet apart, either in con- 
tinuous rows with the plants a few inches apart or in hills 1$ to 3 
feet apart in the row. (Figs. 1 and 2.) The hills in each row 
may have three to nine canes, depending upon the strength of both 
soil and cane and the grower’s preference. The hill system, with 
plants in hills about 6 feet apart each way, is occasionally used, 
but is becoming obsolete. 
Where grown in rows, the methods of training and pruning may 
be roughly classed under four systems, as follows: (1) Upright, 
(2) weaving, (3) divided row, (4) Streblow. While there are many 
others, those mentioned or modifications of them are more often 
employed and have been found to be most practicable and profitable. 
In the upright system, as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, the old 
canes are trained between the wires which serve to hold them to- 
