14 BULLETIN 274, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
with berries are fully consistent with the general principles under- 
lying the relationship between methods of preparing the fruits for 
shipment and their behavior in transit and on the market. The meth- 
ods of handling red raspberries in picking and in shipping determine 
the condition of berries on the market fully as much as does 
handling in the shipment of oranges.2 In the handling of red 
raspberries three factors primarily determine the amount of decay 
and the condition of the berries on the market: (1) Injuries in 
handling; (2) sorting as to ripeness; (3) promptness and rapidity of 
cooling. 
INJURIES IN HANDLING. 
The most common injuries result from carelessness in picking the 
berries from the vines, by breaking or bruising them when pulling 
WieG. 15.—Growers waiting in line at Puyallup, Wash., to deliver the day’s pick of red 
raspberries at the cannery or receiving station. Note the various types of wagons 
and carts in use, 
them away from the receptacle and by mashing them in the hand 
before placing them in the cups. In inspections on the market it 
is a very common thing to find cups containing masses of decay 
easily traceable to berries mashed in the hand of the picker before 
being placed in the cup. Serious injury and decay also result from 
attempts by pickers to sort over filled or partly filled cups. 
The injury and decay that result from breaking the berry or 
bruising it when pulling it away from the receptacle 1 is probably the 
most common and serious. This injury can be avoided almost en- 
tirely by using three fingers instead of two and by pulling the berries 
off straight rather than sidewise. 
*Stubenrauch, A. V., Ramsey, H. J., and others. Factors governing the successful 
shipment of oranges from Florida. U. 8. Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 63, 
50 p., 1914. 
Powell, G. Harold, and others. The decay of oranges while in transit from California. 
Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin No. 123, 79 p., 1908. 
