SHIPMENT OF RED RASPBERRIES 23 
intelligent growers. It is largely a matter of the thorough organiza- 
tion of their forces, proper instruction in methods of handling, 
constant supervision, and careful inspection of work. That many 
growers are already accomplishing the work as well or better even 
than did the workers of the Bureau of Plant Industry is indicated 
in Table 3 and Figure 19, which show the percentages of mold, soft 
berries, and total deterioration in the first inspection of fruit from 12 
different growers. The decay runs from 1.3 per cent to 39 per cent. 
TABLE 3.—Moldy and soft berries and total decay in commercially handled lots 
of red raspberries from different growers held in an iced car at Puyallup, 
Wash., in 1911. 
Grower No. Moldy. Soft. rade: Grower No. Moldy. Soft. prides 
Per cent.| Per cent.| Per cent. Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. 
TM Be Ree ats ee ae 29.5 9.0 BOnOF OLA. epee ne ee aes 36. 4 0.4 36.8 
AG oe ere hay Sete es 30. 6 8 S204 aloe See ae tee 6.7 20. 0 26.7 
DA es ite Mees eens a 1.3 6. 2 Lay OAD, Ves Ra aera 38. 0 1.0 39.0 
ORYZA. SRT) a ee {fe 4,2 BUSS ial | ee ees isis oe eee 4 .9 183 
Oe Sse Ae SONA oe aan 7.4 4 Car eoui| |e OL 2, serene epee ae ee 1 1,2 eS 
CUO aes Des Sey earns 5.6 4.3 Qu ON ASS oe ee veya 5 10.0 10.5 
These men paid their pickers the same wage. The great differences 
noted were due mainly to the character of the work required by the 
owner from his help. These figures emphasize most strongly the need 
of closer supervision of the picking by the association. If all the 
handling operations could be brought up to the standard of the better 
ones shown in the above table, the carrying quality and reputation 
of the fruit would be greatly enhanced, the markets could be greatly 
extended, and more remunerative prices could be obtained. 
EFFECT OF DELAY IN COOLING ON KEEPING QUALITY. 
Nearly everyone recognizes the need for the prompt cooling of 
fruits intended either for shipment or storage, particularly such 
tender fruits as red raspberries, which ripen very rapidly after re- 
moval from the vines, especially if the temperatures are relatively 
high. To demonstrate the effect of delay in cooling on red rasp- 
berries, a certain number of crates from each series during the 1911 
season were not placed in the refrigerator car until the afternoon of 
the following day. Table 4 and Figure 20 bring out strikingly the 
results. 
TABLE 4.—Decay in commercially handled red raspberries following immediate 
and delayed loading at Puyallup, Wash., in 1911. 
Decay 1 day after with- 
Decay on withdrawal. Fhenaanil. 
Time in iced ear. SE [a Eh ce ee CSS 
Immediate.| Delayed. | Immediate.| Delayed. 
EPCS SAE ab coe Deck ea ee a dell Pei 18.3 39.5 
(DCN Se Se Sse SES SP a eae ee 16.9 38. 7 28.3 54.5 
BSS GENS a wc act Sak Se Ye RG 30. 2 50. 4 2 
A comparison of the figures and diagrams should be sufficient. 
The immediate lots showed 7.1 per cent of decay as against 27.7 per 
cent of decay in the delayed lots of the same fruit after four days 
