28 BULLETIN 274, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
is held in transit, the more quickly and completely are the ripening 
processes checked and the slower is the growth cf mold fungi. 
TABLE 8.—Decay in carefully handled precooled and commercially handled non- 
precooled red raspberries shipped to Grand Forks, N. Dak., in 1912. 
Decay on withdrawai. Decay 2 days after withdrawal. 
Time in iced car. : x 4 Commercially _ | Commercially 
carefully nan’ | handied non | Carefully ban | handled non 
set : prceeeient P ‘| precooled. 
Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. 
AAR YS so sae te Seesaw eee ase ae 1.0 7.4 0 13.8 
Grae ysseree bce Fee Serene s Sh eee 0 11.9 ok 25s5 
y | 0 22.7 3.9 36.4 
Table 8 and Figure 24 give a comparison of decay in cars of pre- 
cooled, carefully handled fruit and nonprecooled, commercially 
handled fruit, which can not fail to be impressive. Careful handling 
CAREFULLY HANDLED COMMERCIALLY HANDLED 
PRECOOLED NON-PRECOOLED 
PER CENT DECAY PER CENT DECAY 
2s 20 iS 10 5 ° ° 5 10 15 20 25 30 3s 40 
: | FOUR DAYS _IN CAR ! | } | 
| 1.0 ON WITHDRAWAL 7.4 aa 
0.0 ONE DAY LATER 13.8 HIATT TS 
SIX DAYS _IN CAR 
0.0 ONWITHORAWAL 119 
HN) 5.7 ONE DAY LATER = 25.5 full 
EIGHT DAYS IN CAR _ 
0.0 ON WITHDRAWAL 227 EEE 
3.9 ONE DAY LATER 36.4 [I] 
Fic. 24.—Diagram illustrating the percentage of decay in carefully handled precooled 
red raspberries in comparison with commercially handled nonprecooled red raspberries 
shipped from Puyallup, Wash., to Grand Forks, N. Dak., season of 1912. 
with precooling made possible an 8-day trip with sound delivery and 
practically no spoilage during the market-holding period, while the 
commercially handled fruit nonprecooled showed 7.4 and 22.7 per 
cent of decay, respectively, at the end of 4 and 8 day transit periods, 
with 13.8 per cent of decay and 36.4 per cent of decay at the re- 
spective market-holding inspections. 
DECAY IN TOP AND BOTTOM CRATES. 
The temperature effect is again strikingly emphasized in a com- 
parison of decay in the top and bottom crates in a refrigerator car. 
It has been conclusively demonstrated that there is a marked differ- 
ence in temperature at the bottom and the top of the load in an iced 
car. ‘This difference is usually more than 10 degrees and less than 20 
degrees. In the nonprecooled lots the bottom crates showed 5.5 per 
cent of decay and the top crates of the same fruit 9.4 per cent of 
decay at the end of four days. <A study of Table 9 and Figure 25 
shows these'differences to be consistent for all inspections. The pre- 
cooled cars show similar differences, the bottom having 2.6 per cent of 
decay and the top 5.6 per cent at the first withdrawal inspection. 
aa 
