SHIPMENT OF RED RASPBERRIES. 29 
‘TABLE 9.—Decay in the top and bottom tiers in commercially handled red rasp- 
berries shipped to Grand Forks, N. Dak., under ordinary icing, with and with- 
out precooling, in 1912. 
Decay, precooled. Decay, nonprecooled. 
Time in iced car. On withdrawal. 1 cayeilgy wit hs On withdrawal. | ! qo ater tbs 
“Top. |Bottom.| Top. | Bottom.| Top. | Bottom.| Top. | Bottom. 
Per cent. | Per cent.| Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. ) Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. 
AN GAN Sits Ketwioeiy oa waar 5.6 2.6 10.4 3 9. 4 5.5 18.9 8.7 
GIG Sia stejers oeteiere rae 6.5 3.0 16,1 ileal 14,2 9.6 30.5 20. 5 
SidaySee soe oweees 15.6 ee 24.9 ie 28.1 17. 4 44.0 28. 7 
| 
TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS IN AN ICED REFRIGERATOR CAR. 
Temperature readings taken during the season of 1913 in a car of 
blackberries in transit from Puyailup to Grand Forks show clearly 
the reason for the marked differences in decay in berries in the top 
PRECOOLED 
NON PRECOOLED 
FER CENT DECAY FER CENT DECAY 
Is 10 5 ° fo} 5 fe} Is 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 
|FOUR DAYS IN CAR! | 
GB 2.6 BOTTOM TIER 
MMMM 5.6 
TOP TIER 
5.5 i 
9.4 TMM 
SIX DAYS IN CAR 
HH 30 
TMM «.s 
BOTTOM TIER 
TOP TIER 
6 
4.2 (Mn 
EIGHT DAYS IN CAR. 
i 
TMM ss Tor TER 8 26) 
Fie. 25.—Diagram illustrating the percentage of decay on withdrawal in bottom and 
top tiers in precooled and nonprecooled commercially handled red raspberries shipped 
from Puyallup, Wash., to Grand Forks, N. Dak., season of 1912. 
and bottom tiers. Figure 26 illustrates this range of temperatures. 
The upper curve shows the temperature of the fruit in the top tier, 
temperature readings being taken at the following points: Next to 
the bunker, halfway from the bunker to the door, and in the middle 
of the car. The temperatures in the lower curve were taken in the 
bottom tier in the same relative positions in the car and were the 
average of readings taken at three points, the same as in the upper 
curve. The middle curve is simply an average of the top and bottom 
tier readings. In some cases the difference in average temperature 
between the top and bottom crates was more than 20 degrees, enough 
to account for the difference in decay in the fruit in the top and bot- 
tom tiers. The lesser difference at. the beginning of the trip is partly 
accounted for by the fact that the car was partially precooled before 
shipment. ‘The data presented in these curves emphasizes strongly 
the necessity of loading the car in such a way as to afford the freest 
possible circulation of cold air from the bunkers to all portions of 
the car. 
