24 BULLETIN 1443, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
mining the factors which draw trade to certain meat dealers, in pref- 
erence to other dealers. Sixty-nine and four-tenths per cent of the 
replies stated that these housewives had stopped trading with their 
last meat dealers because the families had moved away from the area 
served by these dealers, or that the dealers had closed their businesses. 
These two reasons were classed as unavoidable causes for transfer of 
patronage. The remaining 30.6 per cent of the replies were divided 
among a number of reasons: Poor quality meats, shop inconven- 
iently located for the customer, high prices, poor service, business 
connections, opening of a new shop which seemed to offer such 
advantages as quality of meat or convenience of location, insanitary 
shop, no credit service, and new dealer recommended. 
In general, the replies made by the housewives of the American 
white group to the question of why they had stopped trading with 
dealers because of dissatisfaction and those received to the question 
of why trading with the last dealer was discontinued agreed in so far as 
the order of importance was concerned, although the relative impor- 
tances among them were changed in degree. Poor quality, high 
prices, poor service, and insanitary shop conditions occurred in the 
same order in the answers to both of these questions. Limiting the 
question to reasons for discontinuance of trading with the last dealer 
eliminated the element of choice present in the previous question, 
where a statement of the reason for ceasing to patronize a dealer be- 
cause of dissatisfaction was desired. This difference in all probability 
accounted for the introduction of several reasons which would not 
ordinarily be regarded as arising from dissatisfaction : Inconvenience 
of location, business connections, new shop, no credit service and 
the recommendation of a new dealer by friends. This last reason 
would appear to have an element of dissatisfaction in it since the 
housewife was in the proper frame of mind to make a change to the 
new dealer. 
Question 13. — (a) Where have you seen fresh meat advertised by local stores? 
(Tables 29 and 30.) 
A total number of 1,143 housewives of the American white group re- 
plied to this question. Of this number, 73.1 per cent mentioned post- 
ers in meat shops, 20 per cent remembered newspapers, 6.1 per cent 
recalled handbills and circulars, and 0.8 per cent thought of advertising 
in street-car posters and motion-picture shows. But little variation 
was noted in the replies of the different classes. Any variations ob- 
served were so slight that the differences were of no practical signifi- 
cance. 
In the colored group the principal variations from the replies of 
the American white group of housewives were found in the recollection 
of handbills and circulars. Posters in shops were not so generally 
recalled by the housewives of the colored group as they were by the 
housewives of the poor and middle classes of the American white 
group. 
In the foreign groups the number of replies was small, so that little 
importance can be attached to the results, with the exception of the 
Scandinavian group in which 81.7 per cent of the 82 housewives 
recalled posters in shops; 11 per cent, newspapers; and 7.3 per cent, 
handbills and circulars. 
Differences among cities were found according to the results set 
forth in Table 30. When judged from the standpoint of frequency 
