PIOW UNITED STATES CAN MEET PULP-WOOD REQUIREMENTS. 51 
it would easily be possible to secure from the area logged over annually, an addi- 
tional 135,000 cords, by taking out material of saw -timber size but a little smaller 
than that which is now logged for lumber. Without, therefore, taking into 
account the possibility of utilizing a very large amount in small trees and broken 
material now left in the woods, and of using sawmill waste, the study disclosed 
the possibility of securing 635,000 cords of pulp wood from 1920 operations 
designed primarily for lumber. 
There is no reason other than lack of pulp-wood markets why there should not 
be operations in Washington designed primarily to secure pulp wood, or why 
operations in stands containing a large percentage of pulp species should not be 
designed to secure saw timber from the material most suitable for that purpose 
and pulp wood from the remainder of the stand. There are great possibilities 
in the integration of the lumber and pulp industries, which, as will be shown 
later, would make entirely feasible large use of both logging and sawmill waste 
for pulp. 
Furthermore, as the lumber cut of Washington increases during the next 
decade or so, which it promises to do, the amount of pulp wood available in con- 
nection with lumbering operations should increase. More and more as these 
operations proceed they will include stands of timber with higher percentages of 
the pulp woods and lower percentages of the Douglas fir, which is now chiefly 
sought, This might for some time offset largely or altogether a gradual falling 
off in the lumber cut in Washington, the beginning of which may not be more 
than a decade or so ahead. 
The total stand of timber in Oregon is larger than in Washington, but the per- 
centage of pulp species is lower; and except for the fir stands on the higher slopes 
of the Cascades the pulp species are more scattered in mixtures with other tim- 
bers. The amount of timber in Oregon now inaccessible is relatively higher than 
in Washington. It is reasonable to expect, therefore, that the pulp timber which 
will become available in the immediate future will be largely in connection with 
lumbering operations. The anticipated decrease in lumber cut in the South is 
certain to stimulate that of Oregon, and this should afford an increasing oppor- 
tunity to utilize the pulp timber which occurs in mixture. In fact operations 
designed to secure both saw and pulp timber can be made more advantageous 
than for saw timber alone. Practically all of the pulp wood cut in Oregon now 
comes from lumbering operations. 
Fir occurs in considerable quantities in the California pineries, and it should 
be possible to remove it economically for pulp wood in connection with lumbering 
operations. In California reliance can also be had upon the pure fir stands of 
the upper Sierra slopes. The sulphite and mechanical output that can be 
developed in California, however, is smaller than that in Washington or Oregon, 
The question of available water power is also an important consideration in 
connection with an enlargement of the pulp and paper industry, and particularly 
in connection with the manufacture of mechanical pulp. Part 2 of Senate Docu- 
ment 316, "Electrical power development in the United States," places the esti- 
mate of the total potential water-power resources of the States of Washington, 
Oregon, and California at approximately ll|-million horsepower minimum, as 
compared with a little less than 28 million for the entire United States, and 
slightly more than 23-million horsepower maximum, as compared with the total 
of slightly less than 54 million for the entire United States. Water powers, 
potential if not developed, are accordingly large enough to encourage rather than 
retard any possible enlargement of the pulp and paper industry. Since the 
cheapest and most accessible powers have generally been developed and are in 
use by other industries, water power for an enlarged pulp and paper manufacture 
would be more expensive than in Alaska. 
