HOW UNITED STATES CAX MEET PULP-WOOD REQUIREMENTS. 59 
" PINE AND LARCH PULP WOOD. 
The sulphate-pulp pines and larch in the Rocky Mountain region together 
total about 342 million cords, a much larger present volume than that of the 
spruce group. White pine, the most heavily cut species now, will be in even 
greater demand for lumber in the future, so that only relatively small amounts, 
if any, will probably be available for pulp wood. Yellow pine, with a present 
stand of more than 135 million cords, is being a little less heavily cut now than 
white pine, but is certain to increase in demand for both local and general lumber 
markets. There is the distinct possibility, however, in regions of extensive 
stands that thinnings and low-grade logs could be used economically for pulp 
in connection with lumbering. The total amount available would probably be 
relatively small. The stand of lodgepole, a species entirely suitable for sulphate 
and possibly also, because of its similarity to jack pine, for sulphite pulp, is only 
slightly less than that of yellow pine — about 130 million cords. Lodgepole is 
now less in demand in the Rocky Mountains than either western yellow or western 
white pine. From the standpoint of supplies alone there are undoubtedly 
opportunities in Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado for its immediate use 
for pulp. Its growth under intensive forestry, estimated at 4| million cords a 
year, should afford a permanent future supply. There is no apparent reason 
why the paper industry should not become one of the most important if not the 
major consumer of lodgepole pine. To the pines must be added larch, with a 
stand of 34 million cords. 
The greatest possibility for sulphate pulp from the various species discussed 
is probably from lodgepole, with western yellow pine and larch second, and white 
pine a minor possibility; altogether they might supply from 1 to 2 million cords 
a year continuouslv. 
CENTRAL STATES. 
The forests of the Central States, except for relatively small stands of spruce 
and fir -in West Virginia and Tennessee, the scattered hemlock in the same terri- 
tory, and the northern extension of the southern-pine stands in Tennessee and 
Missouri, are made up of a wide variety of hardwood-pulp species. One-third, 
or about 240 million cords, of the total stand in the region consists of pulp 
species, and four-fifths of the pulp stand is composed of about 10 hardwood species 
suitable for soda pulp. (Table 63.) Half of the total hardwood stand co- 
of birch, beech, and maple. The opportunity is for an enlargement of the 
pulp-wood cut of hardwood for soda pulp. 
The Central States bow support a large number of paper mills, which manu- 
facture chiefly book and boards, but they have few pulp mills. As in all eastern 
and most western forest regions, the forest is being heavily overcut, at about 
four times the rate of replacement by growth, and a large area now supports only 
scrub hardwood trees with far too little promise of high-grade products, such as 
lumber. Proper!}- conducted operations in such forests could be made of material 
benefit by the removal of poorer and more defective trees, thinnings, etc. Out of 
this could come an immediate increase in the supply of pulp wood for soda pulp, 
and as the forests are gradually brought under management any such enlarge- 
ment of the industry could be supported on a permanent basis. With properly 
directed cutting, such an enlargement of pulp and paper manufacture could be 
made to stimulate rather than retard the development of forest management. 
Paper manufacture would be handicapped as now by having to ship in sulphite 
pulp from other regions. The amount which could be secured from the spruce- 
fir-hemlock stands of the western Appalachian Ranges would be small, and pos- 
sibly unreliable for a permanent industry. 
