62 BULLETIN 1241, t\ S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
ESSENTIAL SUPPLEMENTARY MEASURES FOR MEETING 
REQUIREMENTS. 
Increased use of logging and sawmill waste through closer correlation of the 
lumber and pulp industries, increased use of waste paper, and reduction of waste 
in pulp and paper manufacture afford possible ways to reduce the drain on the 
forest for our paper requirements. At the same time, a wider use of species 
would tend to distribute the problem of pulp-wood supply more widely and to 
make its solution easier. 
UTILIZATION OF LOGGING AND SAWMILL WASTE AND INTEGRATION OF TIMBER- 
USING INDUSTRIES. 
Census reports indicate that the use of logging and sawmill wa^e in pulp 
making is decreasing in the United States. The quantity thus imtilized in 1922, 
about 88,000 cords, was only about one-third of that in 1909, the first year for 
which figures are available. (Table 5.) The decrease lias accompanied rapidly 
increasing pulp-wood prices. There are probably a number of reasons for this 
unexpected falling off. Lumber manufacture in any one sawmill set or location 
has hitherto been largely temporary, and the pulp and paper industry has ordi- 
narily come in near the close of the major lumbering operations. In fact, in 
New England and New York it has been hastening the exit of lumber manufacture. 
Probably, therefore, there has been greater and greater difficulty in securing 
sawmill waste. If European experience is a guide, another factor of importance 
is the organization in the U"nited States of lumber and pulp and paper manu- 
facture as separate industries having no relation to each other. The general re- 
sult probably is that pulp manufacturers find it so troublesome and expensive to 
secure logging and sawmill waste from lumber companies that its use has gradually 
been discontinued. 
It is shown in the article entitled " Timber: Mine or crop?" published in the 
1922 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture, that the waste in primary 
lumber manufacture in the United States amounts to approximateiy 
billion cubic feet a year. Deducting the possible lumbe- saving through im- 
proved methods of manufacture and utilization, there would still remain un- 
utilized an enormous volume of material, equivalent to more than 40 million 
cords a year. More than half of the present stand of timber in the United Si ates 
is of species suitable for pulp, and the lumber cut of the pulp species Is roughly 
in proportion. It is entirely out of the question to expect the utilization of any 
large proportion of be for years to come. But with the pressure of high 
pulp-wood price:-, the insistent demands of a growing population for paper, the 
development of a more stable lumber industry i a success 
crops, and the coordination, a s in Sweden, of lumber and pulp utilization, it should 
in time be possible to utilize several million cords of waste a year. 
In Sweden. r or example, most of the large sawmills have box factories, planing 
mills, charcoal plants, and finally sulphite and sulphate pulp mills which operate 
partly on logging and sawmi and partly on logs which can not be sawed 
profitably into 'lumber. mills op< n r single control, so 
that i rible to divert logs from one pro luct to another as conditions war- 
rant. It is reported, in Fact, thai the entire S r industry,, 
portant in the world, operates incidentally to a forest mi 
ment designed for csw-timber growing. No wood is cut primarily for the Swedish 
palp mill-. Thinnings are made to mee1 the requirements of t he forests, and this, 
with poor) mill waste, constitutes the entire supply of raw material 
for pulp. 
Thi is the ideal arrangement, to which the correlation of the lumber and pulp 
Industries in the United States Bhould come in many regions. That it is feasible 
