HOW UNITED STATES CAX MEET PULP-WOOD REQUIREMENTS. G3 
even now is shown by large enterprises in the South and in the Lake States which 
combine lumber manufacture on a large scale with pulp and paper manufacture 
on an almost equally large scale. There is at least one concern in New England 
which follows the same plan to great advantage. Several of the pulp mills on 
the Pacific coast and many of the mills in the Lake States are dependent in part 
or altogether upon poorer logs cut during the lumber operations. 
But we still have a very long way to go before we can approach the Swedish 
ideal. With a forest area of approximately 55 million acres, all of which iies 
above the northern limit of the United States proper, and with a timber growth 
still short of the full capacity of its soil, Sweden is able to produce annually 
about 3 million cords of pulp wood. On the same scale the United States, with 
its 470 million acres of forest land, and with a potential average production more 
than that of Sweden, should be able, as illustrated by Figure 29, to produce at 
least 26 million cords of pulp wood as an incident to lumber production, even 
though a much smaller proportion of Our species are now regarded as suitable for 
pulp. 
POSSIBLE UNITED STATES PULPWOOD CUT, ON 
RATIO Or SWEDISH CUT TO FOREST AREA 
AREA 
I 
SWEDEN-55,550,000 acres 
FOREST 
PRESENT 
PULPWO 
CUT 
D < 
"uTTrT^[TsTAT ES-'4.76l'b0O.0OO acres | 
SWEDEN-3,000,000 cords 
UNITED STATES -4-, 500,000- cords 
POSSISLE 
UNITED STATES^ 
CUT 
,000,000. cords 
Fig. 23.— If Sweden can cut 3 million cords of pulp wood from 55 million acres of forest land annually, the 
United States, with forest management and balanced utilization, should be able to cut 26 million cords 
on the same ratio. The possibilities in the United States are even greater. Practically all of the Swedish 
species are suitable for pulp, while in the United States pulp species form only about 55 per cent of the 
present stand of timber. But average growth in Sweden is 24 cubic feet per acre, while that estimated 
for the United States is 53 cubic feet, more than twice as much. 
INCREASED USE OF WASTE PAPER. 
Reuse of waste paper, now about 85 per cent wood, reduces correspondingly 
the annual demand on the forests. American mills consumed a little less than 
1-10,000 tons of waste paper in 1889, or about 12 per cent of the total volume of 
paper consumed that year. In the next 30 years the use of waste paper grew 
to nearly 1,855,000 tons, or about 29 per cent of the total volume of paper 
consumed. 
One great obstacle to more extensive use has been the lack of a satisfactory 
de-inking process, but this obstacle has now been surmounted from a technical 
standpoint if not from that of actual commercial operation. The cost of collec- 
tion and storage now limits reuse to large centers cf population, but the possibili- 
ties in this direction are still far from exhausted. More general municipal collec- 
tion and utilization of waste materials will tend to increase the amount of waste 
paper available, while higher prices will tend to make more and more feasible 
the use of this paper. 
REDUCTION OF WASTES IN PULP AND PAPER MANUFACTURE. 
Investigations have shown that decay causes a large waste in both pulp wood 
and pulp storage. Pulp wood stored under unfavorable conditions for two or 
three years has been found in some cases to yield 25 per cent less pulp than the 
