HOW UNITED STATES CAN MEET PULP- WOOD REQUIREMENTS. 41 
It is clearly apparent, however, that the situation in both New York and Penn- 
sylvania is extremely critical. The gradual exhaustion of local supplies, re- 
gardless of any other developments, promises to make the future situation 
worse rather than better. Any development which produces or accentuates a 
shortage of supplies will inevitably tend to stimulate the development of the 
industry in other parts of the United States. Local shortages might be met 
temporarily by modified pulping processes which would utilize other woods. 
The only promise in either State, however, for a permanent industry on any- 
thing approaching the present scale is through intensive forest management in 
the forests of pulp species, aggressively applied at the earliest possible date. 
The sooner and the more intensively it is applied the larger the part of the present 
industry it will be possible to save and maintain. 
NEW ENGLAND STATES. 
Next to the Middle Atlantic States, the New England States are most im- 
mediately and seriously concerned as to their pulp-wood supplies — Maine and 
New Hampshire for spruce, and Maine also for aspen. As a group, the New 

THOUSAND CORDS 
50 100 
150 
200 
MIDDLE 
ATLANTIC 
STATES 
NEW 
ENGLAND 
STATES 
New' York Pennsylvania 
Maine ^Massachusetts 
REGIONAL CONSUMPTION CF IMPORTED ASPEN PULPWOOD 1920 
Fig. 26. — The soda-pulp mills of New York and Pennsylvania used 69 per cent of all imported aspen in 
1920, and are most concerned as to continued supplies. Maine mills are involved, but in less degree. 
England States secured (1920) 20 per cent of the entire Canadian spruce-pulp- 
wood import, and about 31 per cent of the aspen. This relationship to the 
Middle Atlantic States is shown graphically in Figures 25 and 26. The spruce-fir 
forest of northern New England is the chief center of the mechanical and sulphite 
pulp and the newsprint paper industry in the country; Massachusetts plants are 
devoted primarily to book and writing paper 
MAINS. 
Maine leads all the States of the country in the production of wood pulp and 
consumption of pulp wood. The pulp-wood cut is 2^ times that of New York, 
but the area of spruce-fir forest in the wild lands of the State is more than 4 times 
as large and the volume of these species available for pulp wood is 33^ times 
as large, so that Maine has been and will in the future be in a much better posi- 
tion to support its present industry than New York. 
Total spruce-fir stands, now probably under 45 million cords, are being drawn 
upon annually to meet the lumber cut and the pulp-wood consumption of the 
State which take about 1,470,000 cords, and to supply possibly an additional 
75,000 cords of pulp wood for New Hampshire. (Table 53.) The losses from 
the spruce bud-worm epidemic during the past few years have been estimated at 
about 273^ million cords. The amount of loss from other insects, fungous 
diseases, and fire is unknown. The volume of material cut for other purposes 
