HOW UNITED STATES CAN MEET PULP- WOOD REQUIREMENTS. 25 
Altogether imports in 1922 of pulp wood, pulp, and paper derived from spruce 
and fir represented 2,850,000 cords, of which, as already indicated, 870,000 cords 
were in pulp-wood form. Total imports derived from aspen, the raw material 
for soda pulp, amounted to 196,000 cords, and 92 per cent of this entered the 
country in pulp-wood form. Imports from Canada are further shown in Figures 
5 and 6. 
GROWTH OF CANADIAN IMPORTS OF PULPWOOD. 
WOOD PULP AND PAPER BETWEEN 
1899 AND 1922.. 
PULPWOOD 
PULPWOOD 
EQUIVALENT 
OF WOOD PULP 
PULPWOOD 
EQUIVALENT 
OF PAPER 
1899 
1922 
m 1922 
1922 
^y o j t 
MILLION CORDS 
FlG. 18.— The United States depended on Canada about equally for pulp wood, wood pulp, and paper in 
1922. As late as 1909 pulp wood constituted our only import of note. Pulp and paper imports are now 
growing by leaps and bounds, while pulp-wood imports are practically at a standstill. 
SPECIES AND GROUPS OF SPECIES. 
The foregoing analysis of the contribution of domestic supplies and imports to 
our requirements has proceeded from pulp wood through the various grades of 
pulp and paper to the countries from which the imports have been secured. 
There remains the need for a summation of our total pulp and paper require- 
ments and imports in terms of cords of the species or groups of species of the woods 
utilized for each pulp grade. Such a summation will make it possible to relate 
the entire question of requirements and imports back to the forests, its funda- 
mental source. It is indispensable in pointing out the forest regions of the 
United States which afford the most favorable conditions for the increased cut 
needed to offset both pulp-wood and total imports. 
For our entire sulphate consumption we needed about 1,220,000 cords of wood 
in 1922. Spruce, fir, and hemlock have been used to a greater or less extent 
for sulphate pulp, but the hard pines and larches make a pulp which is entirely 
satisfactory for most purposes. It would require only about 2,000 cords of jack, 
southern, and western pine to meet current pulp-wood imports for sulphate 
pulp. Entire independence would on the basis of 1922 consumption require 
773,000 cords of these pines in addition to what we now cut, with an increase 
hereafter of 110,000 cords a year, the rate at which requirements have been 
growing since 1914. 
So far soda pulp alone accepts such hardwood species as aspen, basswood, the 
southern gums, yellow poplar, soft maple, and others of similar pulping prop- 
erties. In all the paper consumed the requirements for soda pulp in 1922 were 
only 759,000 cords. For soda pulp, entire independence and the absorption of 
pulp-wood imports are little different. The former would take, on a 1922 basis, 
196,000 cords of any one or more of a number of hardwoods, with a subsequent 
increase of only about 23,000 cords a year, the rate of increase since 1899. 
The spruce-fir-hemlock group of softwood species are now used almost 
exclusively for both mechanical and sulphite pulp. The use of jack pine for 
