HOW UNITED STATES CAN MEET PULP-WOOD PEQUIBEMENTS. 
9 
Pulp wood made its first appearance in the census reports of 1869, but con- 
tributed only a little more than 2,000 cords to the raw materials used that year in 
manufacturing approximately 386,000 tons of paper. (Tables 4 and 5.) Before 
the end of the next 20 years the great growth of the American industry had begun 
and by 1889 paper output of the mills had passed 930,000 tons. It doubled again 
during the following decade, and more than tripled between 1899 and 1922. 
In short, paper making in great volume became possible with the use of wood. 
Wood-pulp processes revolutionized both paper making and paper use in the 
United States and in the whole world. The rapid increase in world paper pro- 
duction since 1895, shown in Figure 2, is based on wood. But while the wood- 
pulp industry in the United States developed at a phenomenal rate and paper 
production increased in quantities previously undreamed of, consumption of 
paper increased still more rapidly. The slowly increasing consumption prior 
to 1880 and the transformation that followed, especially after 1890, are brought 
out by Figure 21. 
THE PART OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER LEADING 
COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD PAPER PRODUCTION 
1325 
JTi(i. 2.— The United States in 1920 manufactured more than half of the world's paper, and has in fact led all 
other countries in production for virtually the entire period for which data are available. 
Notwithstanding the great size attained by the American pulp and paper in- 
dustry in comparison with those of other countries it has developed to a remark- 
able extent in very restricted regions. The processes now used for both mechan- 
ical and sulphite pulp require a soft, light, easily bleaching, long-fibered wood 
relatively free from pitch. The mechanical process demands in addition the cheap 
and abundant power which water alone can supply, while for the chemical pro- 
cesses fuel is essential. Nearness to paper markets has been necessary to keep 
down transportation costs. The spruce forests in New England and New York 
have met these combined requirements better than those of any other sections of 
the United States, so that it has been here, and later in smaller degree under 
similar conditions in the spruce and hemlock forests of the Lake States, that the 
American industry has largely centered. This development has also carried with 
it a considerable part of the sulphate-pulp industry, which could have located 
elsewhere and made use of other species. Even the soda-pulp industry, which 
began and is now well developed in Pennsylvania, manufactures a large part of 
