BORDEAUX-OIL EMULSION. 21 
While Bordeaux-oil emulsion is by no means a perfect spray, it 
has proved to be an excellent combination for use in the citrus groves 
of Florida and Alabama. It is designed especially to save the cost of 
application of an oil spray immediately following Bordeaux mixture, 
and for this purpose it has proved entirely satisfactory. The fungi- 
cidal properties of the Bordeaux mixture in Bordeaux-oil emulsion 
are essentially the same as in plain Bordeaux mixture, and the insecti- 
cidal effects are equally as pronounced as with oil emulsion applied 
separately. 
BORDEAUX-MIXTURE TREATMENT OF HARD WATER. 
A large part of the citrus-fruit crop of Florida is grown in sections 
wholly or in part dependent upon hard or deep-well water for spraying 
purposes. These hard waters contain relatively large amounts of 
mineral salts which render the water unfit for use with a simple 
emulsion. They can be made usable for such purposes by treating 
the waters chemically or by specially stabilizing the oil emulsion. 
In connection with the experiments with Bordeaux-oil emulsion 
it was found that water which could not be used with simple oil 
emulsions would make a satisfactory Bordeaux mixture to which the 
emulsions could be added with reasonable safety. Tests were made 
with hard waters at various points throughout the central part of 
Florida as well as along the coast, where in certain instances the deep- 
well waters contained a considerable amount of sodium chlorid. 
In no case was it necessary to use Bordeaux mixture at a greater 
strength than J-|-50, and in many instances J-J-50 was sufficient 
to render the water miscible with simple oil emulsion. The quantity 
of Bordeaux mixture necessary to render oil emulsion miscible with 
deep-well waters varies with the locality and the well. While the use 
of Bordeaux mixture for such purposes is not desirable during the 
period of maximum activity of entomogenous fungi because of the 
harmful effect on these organisms, there seems to be no reason why 
it should not be used during the fall or winter months. 
SUMMARY. 
(1) Bordeaux-oil emulsion, a mixture of 3-3-50 Bordeaux mixture 
and 1 per cent of oil in the form of an emulsion, is a promising spray 
material for use in Florida citrus groves. The Bordeaux fraction is 
equally as effective against fungi as is Bordeaux mixture, and the 
oil-emulsion fraction is equally as effective against insects as is plain 
oil emulsion. 
(2) The Bordeaux mixture is prepared in the regular way and 
the oil emulsion made as recommended in Farmers' Bulletin 933. 
The oil emulsion is poured slowly into the diluted Bordeaux mixture 
while the agitator is running, and the agitation is continued while the 
material is being applied. 
(3) Commercial Bordeaux preparations and homemade mixtures 
of poor physical properties combined with oil emulsion have given 
essentially the same results against citrus scab and melanose as have 
the homemade Bordeaux mixtures plus oil emulsion when used on 
the basis of equal amounts of copper in the diluted spray. 
(4) This combination spray is no more likely to burn tender fruit 
and foliage than when the two component parts are applied separately. 
