BORDEAUX-OIL EMULSION. 7 
Table 1. — Bates of settling of commercial Bordeaux preparations with and without oil 
emulsions. 
Lot. 
Form. 
Per cent- 
age of 
copper. 
Additions. 
Relative space occupied by 
precipitate (per cent;. 
One-half 
hour. 
3 hours. 
24 hour-. 
Povrder 
do 
Paste 
do 
do 
{ a 
f 22 
{ 22 
I 22 
/ 9 
I 9 
/ 6 
I 6 
/ 6 
1 6 
/ * 
\ 2 
/ 2 
\ 2 
7 
14 
3 
7 
17 
2 
10 
10 
17 
6 
10 
17 
3) 
11 
24 
7 
14 
2 
6 
17 
2 
10 
8* 
15 
5 
10 
10 
27 
11 
23 
7 
A 
2 
B 
6 
17 
2 
„ 
on 
7 
8 
D 
Oil 
14 
E 
Oil 
9 
10 
F 
Oil 
26 
10 
G 
22 
PREPARATION OF SPRAYS. 
OIL EMULSIONS. 
For the most part-, homemade oil emulsions prepared according to 
the boiled-oil formula of Yothers were used, but at times his cold- 
stirred oil emulsion, or occasionally proprietary oil emulsions, or 
in rare instances the commercial miscible or soluble oils were substi- 
tuted. These materials were added to the 3-3-50 Bordeaux mixture 
in such quantities as to give from one-half to 1 per cent of oil in the 
diluted spray. At all times 1 per cent of oil was used on bearing 
trees, except when they were in bloom, when one-half of 1 per cent 
was substituted. 
The homemade oil emulsions were variable in regard to the physical 
properties of the mineral oil in them. If the applications were made 
in the bloom or shortly thereafter, emulsions containing light or 
medium oil were employed, while on half-grown fruits medium oil 
or a mixture of light and heavy oil was sometimes used; on mature 
fruits or occasionally during the rainy season and the winter months 
emulsions of heavy oil were applied. The choice of oil depended 
upon various conditions existing at the time of application. 
The varied physical properties of these grades of oil are shown in 
Table 2. 
Table 2. — Physical properties of mineral oils a used in the oil emulsions tested. 
Oil. 
Specific 
gravity. 
at27°C. 
Flash 
point 
(°C). 
1 
Fire 
point 
(°C). 
Viscosity .*> 
Volatility.*; 
Remarks. 
Xo.l 
No. -1 
No. 3 
0.863 
.886 
.896 
168 
184 
163 
191 
207 
245 
281.9 
365.3 
1,121.0 
8.9 
4.9 
.16 
Light. 
Medium. 
Heavy. 
a Analyses made by Bureau of Chemistry, United States Department of Agriculture. 
b'Engk-r, HsO=100. c l gram for 4 hours at 105° C. 
