A BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATING TO SOIL ALKALIES 
CaRpPENTER, W.T. See Tuttris, A.S., 
K. ALLEN and W. T. CARPENTER. 
III. 
Cay, W. D. Durability of Portland 
Cement in Sea Water. Inst. Civil 
Eng. (Lond.) Min. & Proc., v. 100 
(1889-90), p. 85-88. 
Discusses tests on various cements in sea water 
by Vicat and Durand, Claye and Debray. 
. Strength of Briquettes when 
Made with Fresh and Salt Water. 
* Inst. Civil ‘Eng. (Lond.) Min. & 
Proe., v. 62 (1879-80), p. 212. 
Table showing comparative strengths in 7, 14, 
and 28 day tests: 
CuHapmMan, C. M. Results of Experi- 
ments upon Effect of Sea Water on 
Tensile Strenath of Various Mixtures 
of Cement and Sand. N. A. Cem. 
Users Proc., v. 6 (1910), p. 172-179. 
Eng. Rec., v. 61 (1910), p. 311. 
Description of tests on pace Diagrams 
of results. Discussion. 
CHENOWETH, A.C. See VI. 
CLARKE, E. C. Experiment No. 8. 
A. 8..C. E. Trans., v. 14 (1885), p. 
155. 
Tests on mortar briquette made with and im- 
mersed in salt and fresh waters. 
Co1gnet. Action of the Sea. A.S. C. 
E. Trans., v. 1 .(1868=1871),: p..110- 
115. 
Describes sea water tests on concrete blocks of 
various compositions. Results and conclusions. 
CouuinrR, B. C. See VI. 
Crary, A. P. Some Experiences with 
Concrete in the Republic of Panama. 
Eng. N., v. 73 (1915), p. 214-216. 
Describes construction and disintegration of 
concrete wharves at Panama City. Diagrams. 
Illustrated. 
CzaARNOMSKI, W. On the State of 
Preservation of Test Blocks and 
Blocks Proceeding from the Harbor 
Works, Immersed in the Baltic Sea at 
Libon. Harbor, Ant. A. 1. Mo Proc., 
V¥. 02" 912)5 Paper:No. 8)-19--p. 
Abs., Eng. Rec., v. 66 (1912), p. 329. 
Chemical tests on fragments of masonry and 
concrete blocks after 8 to 14 years immersion. 
Tabular data. MDlustrated. 
CzaRNoMSK!I, W. and A. Bayxkorr. 
On the Conditions of the Cement 
Blocks in Some of the Russian Ports 
in the Black and Caspian Seas. Int. 
A. T. M., 5th Cong. (1909), Paper 
No. XI, and Suppl. to Cong. Doc. 
Int. A. T. M. Proc. (1908-1910), v. 
La Os ele. int. AY. ME (1906), 
Non-Off. Papers, B. 7f. 
Davis, C. Concrete for Maritime Struc- 
tures. NN, A. Cem. Users. Proc., v. 
6 (1910), p. 120-156. Abs., Con- 
crete, v. 5. (1910), No. 6, p. 35-42. 
Exten. Abs., Eng. & Contr., v. 34 
(1910), p. 180-185. 
Discussion of past and present design and 
methods of construction of quay walls, docks, 
ete. Numerous descriptions and diagrams of 
such works. I[lustrated. 
19 
Dersray, P. See Duranp-Cuiaye, L., 
and, PP.) DeBRay.»,; ITT. 
DerorcE. See LomBarD and Der- 
FORGE, II{. 
DopweE.u, C. E. W. Effect of Sea 
Water on Concrete Structures. Can. 
Eng., v. 389 (1920), p. 279-280. 
Eng. & Contr., v. 54 (1920), p. 281- 
282. 
Discusses deterioration of concrete piers in sea 
water at Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, after 
3¥4 and 5 years exposure. Illustrated. 
D’Rowan, W. The Effect of Sea 
Water, Alkali Water, and Sewage on 
Portland Cement and Methods for 
Counteracting same. Eng. & Contr., 
v. 34 (1910), p. 52-55 (Ed. com- 
ment, p. 45). 
General discussion and opinions of various 
engineers. 
See also VI. 
DuRAND-CiayYE, L., 
Portland Cement 
Decomposition by Sea Water. 
neér, v. 66 (1888), p. 386. 
Results of analyses of mortars after action by 
sea water, and permeability tests of unexposed 
parts of docks. Also comparative tests of mag- 
nesium sulphates and chlorides acting on mor- 
tars. Tabular data. 
DYCKERHOFF, —. 
on Portland Cement. 
v. 34, p. 419. 
DyckeEeruorr, R. Effect of Included 
Sulphuric Acid on the Strength of 
Portland Cement Exposed to Sea 
Water. Eng. N., v. 64 (1910), p. 
° 4-5. Abs., Chem. Abs., v. 5 (1911), 
p. 58r:— Dise., Ton. Zeit:, v:°33,°p. 
1234.. Disc., Abs., Chem. Abs.;’v. 
3 (1909), p. 2866, and v. 5 (1911), 
2316) "Disc.. Cem Age wo 11 
1910), p. 118. 
Results of German tests. Tabular data. 
Dyer, A. F. The Use of Reinforced 
Concrete in Marine Works. Eng. & 
Contr., v. 50 (1918), p. 483-485. 
Describes various structures in different parts 
of the world. 
ENDELL, K, See IV. 
Everett, H. A. Fallacy of Concrete 
Ships. Int. Marine Eng., v. 23 
(1918), p. 61-62. 
Challenges claims of superiority for concrete 
ships and discusses comparative merits. Refer- 
ence to deteriorating action of sea water. 
Faia, H. Effect of Sea Water on 
Portland Cement. London Society 
of Engineers. Trans., 1888, p. 49- 
62 
and P. DEBRAY. 
Mortars and their 
Engi- 
Action of Sea Ww ater 
Chem. Zeit., 
Discusses damage to Aberdeen graving-dock 
and tests tending to show that properly mixed 
and set concrete is durable in sea water. Ex- 
tensive discussion. 
Freret, R. Effect of Sea Water on 
Concrete. Ann. des P. et Chs. 
(rs90). 1 p. ofa. Tord?’ (1892), a1, 
p. 93, 106-116. Ibid. (1901), IV, 
pelos ipd..clo07)0 lp. 107: 
