52 BULLETIN 801, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 
inches, provided it is suitably tied or braced against wind and 
guarded from the piling of cotton bales against it. These precau- I 
tions are absolutely essential. Disregard of them with consequent 
failure from wind is shown in Plate XXVII. Here the light thin 
tile wall was completely demolished by wind. It should be noted 
that the wall fell outward — a very common result of the ''sucking" 
action of wind on the unexposed side of a building. It is stated on 
good authority that the storm which destroyed this wall was not 
extraordinarily severe. Clay tile may be used satisfactorily, how- 
ever, for thin walls, provided the wall is sufficiently braced by 
pilasters or other device. The wall should be built independently 
and outside of framing supporting the roof. This reduces the ex- 
tent of possible wind damage, permits ready breaking through in 
case of fire and lends itself to economy and efficiency in original 
construction. Such a wall is economical in upkeep and affords far 
less spark and exterior fire hazard than the wood end. This type 
of wall may be termed a paneled tile curtain wall. 1 
Doors and windows for either the wood or tile wall should be 
provided in the manner described for masonry walls for slow-burn- 
ing construction, except that there is never any occasion for doors 
to be tin covered. It is best that windows be glazed with wire glass 
in order to reduce breakage. There is no objection to omitting win- 
dows entirely so far as dealing with fire is concerned, as either type 
of wall can be broken through readily. Steel sash are economical 
when upkeep is considered, even when used in a frame wall, but wood 
sash may be used if desired. 
DIVISION FIRE WALLS. 
Division fire walls in their relation to the frame exterior wall 
are shown by Plate XXYI. The T wall construction is shown by 
1 Paneled tile curtain walls should not exceed 15 feet in height. For heights 
less than 10 feet, 6-inch tile is suitable, while for heights of 10 feet or more 
8-inch tile should be used. Pilasters should be constructed at intervals of 10 
feet or less on centers and should be at least 1 foot wide. The pilasters should 
be coincident on each side of the wall and should have a total thickness of at 
least one-eighth the height of the Avail. Tile blocks should be laid with joints 
well broken and tiles forming the pilaster should be bonded with those forming 
panels. The pilaster construction requires that these blocks be laid on end. 
Good bonding is secured by laying metal wall ties, metal lath, or even strips 
on 1-inch mesh poultry wire in the horizontal joints. This last method is fairly 
satisfactory and involves extremely little cost. Door openings should be laid 
up with brick reveals forming pilasters of the usual dimensions. The lintel 
may be constructed very economically by inserting a steel rod in a row of 
blocks filled with concrete. The blocks are stood on end in the number re- 
quired for the lintel, the steel and concrete is inserted, and the lintel is left 
in this position until the concrete has set sufficiently for use. 
