THE BEET-SUGAR INDUSTRY IN 1920. 41 
allowed to handle and the price per acre that he will receive for the 
labor. Labor problems are more fully treated on pages 42 to 44. 
BEET BY-PRODUCTS AND LIVE STOCK. 
Live stock constitutes an important factor in the success of beet 
growing from two standpoints: (1) The utilization of beet tops and 
pulp and (2) the production of stable or barnyard manure. 
Kind of Jive stock to feed. — Sugar-beet tops and pulp are good feed 
for all kinds of live stock, including chickens, hogs, sheep, cattle, and, 
to some extent, horses. Generally the tops and pulp are fed to sheep 
and cattle. There are several methods by which the beet tops may 
be utilized for feed. They may be pastured off, a process which con- 
sists in turning the live stock into the beet field after the beets have 
been harvested and the roots removed, as shown in Plate X, figure 1. 
The tops are left scattered over the ground, and this method of 
feeding results in the ground being more or less trampled. Sheep 
especially are inclined to travel more generally in paths, thereby 
trampling the ground unevenly. In no case should the pasturing 
of the tops be permitted when the ground is wet, since the ground 
itself would be seriously injured by trampling in that condition and 
many of the tops would be wasted by being trampled into the 
ground. While live stock thrives on beet tops and pulp, other feed 
must be used in finishing the animals for the market. Beet tops, 
especially the crowns, contain considerable mineral matter which is 
beneficial to live stock, but it should not be fed in too large quantities. 
The tops are sometimes allowed to cure partly and are then 
gathered into piles, hauled to the feed yard, and fed in racks, one 
form of which is shown in Plate X, figure 2. This is a much more 
economical method of utilizing the tops, but it involves the additional 
expense of gathering and hauling. The tops may also be used as 
ensilage. When chopped with straw, cornstalks, or other roughage 
excellent silage is produced. Both the tops and the pulp are excellent 
for dairy cows, since the}- act as a tonic upon the animals as well 
as a food and increase the flow of milk. Pulp is used either fresh 
or dried. It is dried artificially, either by itself or in combination 
with molasses. Allien dried by itself it contains the same substances 
as when fresh ; when dried with molasses it, of course, contains the 
added sugar and mineral matter. The object in drying the pulp is 
to make it easier to handle. About 80 per cent of the weight is lost 
in drying and when dried it can be shipped long distances. It should 
be soaked for several hours before it is fed to stock. 
Number of live stock to keep. — It is apparent that there should 
be a suitable ratio between the number of lh^e stock and the available 4 
tops, pulp, and other feed on the farm. As stated above, animals 
