4 BULLEIIX 170, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
INTRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION IN AMERICA. 
American nurseries have imported many thousands of pine seed- 
lings annually from Europe, especially from France, Belgium, Hol- 
land, Germany, and England. Importations normally take place 
in the fall, winter, and early spring. At this time of the year the 
young larva? of the pine moth lie dormant within the buds, so that 
an infestation is easily overlooked. It is evident that the pest has 
been present in a number of shipments of late years and that it thus 
has been introduced repeatedly into American nurseries. In a great 
majority of these cases, however, the species has been unable to estab- 
lish itself and has died out during the first year. Many of the 
larvae die from overheating en route, or from various other unfavor- 
able circumstances incident to the handling and transplanting of the 
seedlings under different climatic conditions. Only by a combina- 
tion of favorable conditions would the few surviving larvae have been 
able to develop into moths and succeed in establishing the species in 
this country. This is probably the reason why the species as yet has 
become established in comparatively few American localities. It 
appears that such established infestation has taken place only in very 
recent years and especially within the last two years, or since the 
demand for European pines has become general. 
Up to the present time the European pine moth has been dis- 
covered in only 32 nurseries and private estates, representing 20 
localities in 9 States, namely : 
State. 
Locality. 
Discovered in- 
Private grounds. 
One nursery. 
Do. 
Do 
Do 
Dundee 
Do 
Do. 
Do 
Deerfield 
Do. 
Do 
Two private grounds. 
One nursery. 
Do 
Bloomington 
Ohio 
Do. 
Do. 
Private grounds. 
One nursery. 
Do 
New York 
Do 
One nursery and one estate. 
Do 
One nursery. 
Do. 
Do 
Do 
Do. 
Do. 
Rhode Island . . 
In none of these localities, except on Long Island, has the species 
existed for more than the last two years, and in most of them it has 
become established only within the last year. 
But the survey for this insect has so far covered only about 60 
localities, which could be reasonably suspected to harbor the pest 
because it was known that importations of European seedlings had 
