THE EUROPEAN PINE-SHOOT MOTH. 9 
To promote the good work of these parasites specially constructed 
rearing- houses have been erected in Europe during bad outbreaks 
of the pine moth. The infested twigs are collected in these small 
houses, which permit the escape of the parasites but not of the 
moths. 
It is reasonable to suppose that some of the native parasites on 
some of the native species of Evetria will in time also attack Evetria 
buolhina in this country — in fact, parasitized larvae have already 
been observed — but these native parasites can not be relied upon to 
keep in check their natural hosts, the American pine moths, which 
sporadically become very abundant and injurious in spite of the 
parasites, and presumably will be less effective in controlling the 
newly introduced host. 
METHOD OF CONTROL. 
The larva of the European pine-moth is so effectively protected 
within the buds that it can not be reached by any insecticide, and the 
only method of combating it is that used in Europe for more than 
a hundred years, namely, the pruning and destruction of the in- 
fested buds and twigs together with the larvae they contain. Such 
hand picking is practiced every year in the government-controlled 
forest reserves of Europe. 
This pruning must be done while the insect is within the twigs, 
and while it may be done throughout the entire year, except during 
the midsummer months when the insect is in the adult stage, it can 
be most profitably done in the fall and winter months while the 
young larvae are yet within the undeveloped buds, because the prun- 
ing at this time will enable the secondary set of buds to develop in 
the spring without delay. The only drawback to the collecting of 
the larva? in the fall and winter is that the infested buds are then 
less noticeable than in the spring when the injury is further devel- 
oped. A little practice, however, soon enables instant recognition 
of the infested buds, even by an unskilled laborer; the slight exuda- 
tion of pitch at the base of the bud covering the entrance hole of 
the larva (PI. Ill) is very characteristic and easily recognized when 
once known. 
In the spring, when the buds develop into young shoots, the in- 
jury is very much more apparent, and anybody can then distinguish 
the infested twigs at a glance. For this reason it is advisable to have 
the trees gone over again in the spring, so as to remove any infesta- 
tion which has been overlooked in the fall. In America the work of 
the larva in the fall (September, October, and November) has pro- 
gressed far more and is much more easily discovered than is the case 
in Europe, where the larvae have attained very small proportions and 
