EXPENSE FACTOES IN CITY DISTRIBUTION OF PERISHABLES 15 
Comparison of the two spreads shows that there is no regularity of 
association between them. The greater regularity in distribution 
services rendered per sale by the retailer accounts chiefly for the 
uniformity found in total spread throughout the commodity series. 
Figure 6 shows graphically for each article the split up of the standard 
retail sale in unit stores into its three component parts. The dark 
SPLIT-UP OF CONSUMER'S OUTLAY PER STANDARD RETAIL SALE 
( U N IT STO R ES ) 
FOURTEEN LEADING FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 
NEW YORK METROPOLITAN DISTRICT, 1923-1924 
CALIF. ORANGES 
Wholesale cost of goods 
Fig. 6. — Among different commodities wide variability exists in wholesale value of goods per retail 
sale. The retailer 's return per sale is fairly constant, but the jobber 's portion varies considerably 
portion of each bar represents the wholesale value of the goods sold, 
the middle part of the Dars indicates the portion required for jobber's 
service, and the right-hand section represents the amount required 
by the retailer. These bars bring out the general uniformity of the 
retailers' portion, and the variability in the portion ascribed to the 
jobber. 
