36 BULLETIN 12 i, r. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 
Fig. 11. — A recently i stablished farm on logged-off land. After logs and small stumps 
have been removed, partial tillage is possible and good crops of bay can be grown 
for 2 or 3 years. Many of the best settlers have followed this practice. 
Providing for sufficient home-grown feeds for the stock is very 
important on most of the new logged-off farms. The most desirable 
procedure for the settler with no cleared land seems to be to clean up 
the small stumps, trash, and most of the logs, then stir the soil as 
much as possible with a spring-tooth harrow or disk and seed to 
clover and grasses. If this is done in the fall no nurse crop will be 
necessary and a good crop of hay can be expected the following 
summer, particularly if the soil has sufficient moisture. If the seed- 
ing is done in the spring, the use of a nurse crop will give better 
results. 
When the settler is ready to attack the large stumps, several 
methods are open to him. His choice will often depend on the 
amount of time and money which he has available for this work. In 
most cases the quickest and cheapest way to get rid of the large 
stumps is by means of powder and block and line. This method 
has already been discussed in the chapter on land clearing. 
Developing a farm from logged-off lands in this region or in any 
other region is a very tedious process, even under the most favor- 
able conditions. The hardships and privations which frequently 
crowd the early years of the pioneer can be appreciated only by those 
who have paid tlie price. The vital importance of selecting a good 
fdece of land at a fair price in a region which has possibilities for 
uturc development can not be overemphasized. Strict application 
to the farm business, adjusting the standard of living to the farm 
income, and keeping alive to the best sources of farm information 
for his pari lcular area will make a success out of any farmer, provided 
he made a good choice in the selection of his land. 
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