FARMING LOGGED-OFF UPLANDS IX WESTERN WASHINGTON. 27 
feed in ton lots or more at a time, some saving of expense may be 
effected, and it is usually possible for the discriminating dairyman 
to take advantage of differences in prices of feeds. Changes in the 
ration should be made on a basis of cost per pound of milk-produc- 
ing ingredients rather than on cost per 100 pounds of feed. The two 
ideas are by no means the same. 
Green feeds for summer use are regularly provided by the more 
successful dairymen, particularly on the small farms, to overcome the 
difficulty of short pastures in July and August. Oats with peas or 
vetch make good silage crops on these upland farms and are also well 
adapted to cut for green feed for the cows. Three or more seedings 
from the last of March to the first part of May should be made to 
insure a continuous supply of green feed during July and August. 
Unfortunately, corn does not do well on most of the upland farms, 
principally due to low soil fertility and moisture. The extra labor 
involved in a soiling svstem is considerable. 
Table 22. — Relation between pounds of milk per cow, receipts and cost of grain on 
57 dairy farms, 1921. 
Pounds milk sold per cow. 
Less than 4,500 pounds 
4,501 to 5,500 pounds . . 
5,501 to 6,500 pounds. . 
6,501 to 7,500 pounds. . 
Over 7,500 pounds 
All farms 
Number Cows per 
herds. herd. 
8.0 
8.1 
8.7 
11.5 
6.3 
57 
v7 
Milk 
receipts 
per cow. 
96 
L13 
132 
171 
Grain 
pur- 
chased 
per cow. 
?23 
29 
32 
35 
40 
116 
32 
Cash crops of one kind or another may usually be fitted into the 
system of most dairy farms without seriously interfering with the 
most effective use of the land and labor devoted to the dairy enter- 
prise. Small fruits are suitable for this purpose for those living near 
canneries and sources of labor for picking, while for those farther 
away, 2 or 3 acres of potatoes may serve about as well. The manure 
from the dairy is especially valuable in the production of intensive 
crops on the low-quality soils of the area. 
POULTRY RAISING. 
Breeding for production has reached a high state of development 
in this area. The area boasts of many of the highest producing hens 
and flocks in the country. (See figs. 7 and 8.) The average produc- 
tion of the 43 specialized poultry farms visited in the course of this 
survey was 134 eggs per hen. A comparatively high rate of produc- 
tion is necessary if the surplus eggs are to compete successfully in 
distant markets and overcome the disadvantages of transportation 
and other costs. 
Poultry raising is more susceptible of overexpansion than any 
other type of fanning. It can be started easily with relatively small 
capital on small places and is a rather attractive business. It needs, 
however, careful study of details at every stage if it is to prove as 
profitable on a large scale as it may seem to be on a small scale. The 
Western Washington Experiment Station at Puyallup has been the 
leading light in successful commercial poultry production tlu'ough- 
