24 
BULLETIN 1236, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
expenses of the farm and family. Very few of the settlers have used 
outside capital, such as inheritances, gifts, or sale of other property, 
in the establishment and development of their farms. 
A great part of the accumulation of wealth has been due to the 
increase in land values. Just how much of the wealth of individual 
settlers is due to this factor alone is difficult to ascertain. The trend 
of the increase in the value of unimproved land, as shown in Table 17, 
gives an indication of the importance of this item. 
METHODS BY WHICH PROFITS MAY BE INCREASED. 
Certain outstanding influences which contribute to the success or 
failure of farming in a region usually appear in the course of the 
analysis of the business of a group of representative farms. Some 
of these are general in character and have a wide application; others 
Fig. 6. — This land has- hern pastured for several years. Logs have been cut Into 
cordwood ; ferns are beginning to crowd out the pasture grasses and the land 
should he cleared soon and put into tilled crops. 
are of a more local consequence and apply specifically to the region 
studied. A brief discussion of the more important factors deter- 
mining the success of representative farms of the different types in 
this region follows. 
An increase in the tillable area per farm is necessary before incomes 
can be increased to the maximum on most of these upland farms. 
Too often the clearing has stopped soon after the farm is large enough 
to provide a living for the family. Under present conditions it is 
probably not worth while to clear up the whole farm, except per- 
haps in the case of small poultry and fruit farms on the 4 high-priced 
Lands adjacent to the larger cities. Most dairy and general farms 
can profitably use seeded stump Lands for pasture purposes. 
A L2-COW dairy farm in this section should have at Least 25 acres 
cleared and 25 acres more \\)\- pasture if most of the hay and SUCCU- 
Lence is to be raised oil the farm to maintain the cows, young stock, 
and horses. This was the average size o\' the 22 Largest dairy farms 
in t his area. 
