FARMING LOGGED-OFF UPLANDS IN WESTERN WASHINGTON. 7 
Table 1. — Stumping practices in uplands of western Washington . 
Method. 
Number of farmers 
using methods in- 
Boring and burning 
Horsepower capstan and explosive 
Explosives and burn in ground... 
Blocks and line and explosive 
Donkey engine 
A few farmers have cleared by the use of donkey engines. This 
method requires a large cash outlay, but land can be cleared more 
rapidly than by any other method. 
Pig. 3. — Early utilization of land for fjosture. The young- growth has been slashed 
and burned and enough small stuff picked up to allow stock to graze. Grass seed 
was sown in the ashes immediately after burning. 
When dynamite is used, some use an amount sufficient to shoot 
the stump clear of the ground. Others use enough to crack the stump 
and then burn it in the ground. Others use a little more explosive, 
breaking the stump into smaller pieces and later pulling them with a 
horsepower capstan puller or with blocks and line. The use of 
blocks and line in connection with explosive is increasing. 
Where possible to use, one of the best and cheapest methods of de- 
stroying the stumps is by the char-pit method, but unfortunately soil 
in this area does not contain enough clay to permit its use. 
Burning methods are extensively used, particularly by those who 
have little cash and plenty of time. Some bore intersecting holes 
into the heart of the stump and fire at the point of intersection ; others 
dig the earth from around the roots and fire. Aside from the time 
consumed, the other objection to all burning methods is that there is 
