8 BULLETIN 824, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
white to deep crimson, double and single, perfectly hardy here, and 
I think lkely to be nearly everywhere on this continent.”’ Pyre- 
thrum roseum was also grown successfully at Germantown, Pa., and 
at Archer, Fla. (222), from seed furnished by Riley. In 1884 Riley 
(225) reported success in growing Pyrethrum in Virginia and in 
Maryland, and in 1885 (226) in Arkansas and Florida. 
King (155), in 1886, reported the results of efforts to grow P. 
roseum in different States. At the Connecticut Experiment Station 
plants from seed sown in 1884 bloomed in 1885, and then died. At 
the Michigan station the seasons were too cool and short for the 
profitable growth of this plant. The New York station reported 
that ‘“‘the plants grew well, blossomed, and some of them matured 
their seed.’’ At the Pennsylvania State College the plants did not 
bloom. An attempt to grow this plant in Massachusetts is described 
in the annual report of that station for 1889 (107). The seeds were 
sown in a hotbed, and subsequently transplanted in the field, but 
did not mature. In 1891 (102) and again in 1892 (103) it is reported 
that one row of P. roseum was grown in the field. Goff (104) planted 
seeds of P. rosewm at the Geneva (N. Y.) Agricultural Experiment 
Station in the spring of 1887. The plants did not blossom the first 
season, and were counted as a failure, but in the second spring they 
started a vigorous growth, and bloomed profusely. The powder pre- 
ared from these New York grown flowers was just as active against 
flies as that from P. cinerarixfolium flowers grown in California. 
Green (105) in 1892 recommended P. roseum as an ornamental plant 
desirable for planting in the region of the Minnesoia station. In 1890 
Massey (192) announced his intention of trying the cultivation of 
P. roseum and cinerariefolium at the North Carolina Agricultural 
Experiment Station, but nothing seems to have come of this. 
California is-the onty place in the United States where the cultiva- 
tion of Pyrethrum has reached commercial proportions. Coquillet 
(55) states that G. N. Milco introduced the Pyrethrum cinerarizfolium 
into California about 1870, and describes the cultivation of the plant. 
The quantity of the present production of insect powder in California 
is not known, but in 1888 it was 52 tons.? 
Klee (158), of the College of Agriculture of the University of Califor- 
nia, has carried on extensive experiments on the cultivation of Pyre- 
thrum. At the Southern Coast Range Culture Substation of the Uni- 
versity of California, in San Luis Obispo County, Cruickshank (59) in 
1891 reported that Pyrethrum seed sown in the fall grew, and that the 
plants blossomed a little, although the year was the hardest for seven 
years, according to old residents. Shinn (256), of the same station, 
in 1897, reported on the cultivation of Persian insect-powder plants 
(apparently P. roseum) as follows: “Plants endure the winter and 
bloom freely. They do not grow rapidly, however, and the culture 
would probably not be profitable here.’’ In the same report (p. 72) 
Pyrethrum is suggested as worthy of trial as a plant suitable for 
cultivation on alkali soil, but no experiments seem to have been made 
to test this idea. Both P. rosewm and P. cinerarizfolium are men- 
tioned as being well established in the garden of the Southern Califor- 
nia Culture Substation, in Chino Valley. Schrenk (248), quoting from 
Semler’s “ Die Tropische Agrikultur,” describes the cultivation of 
C. cinerarizfolium in California by Dalmatians who had settled there. 
2 Insect Life, v. 1, p. 356, 1889. 
