22 BULLETIN 824, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Ovary: Epidermis of the intercostal depressions is characterized by the 
presence of numerous oil glands and clinorhombic crystals. There is a lignified 
hypoderma similar to that of the lower part of the calyx. Walls of the ovary 
contain very large ducts filled with a brown granular secretion. 
Anthers: Filaments consist of regularly arranged square cells; pollen grains 
tubercular, having three pores. 
Style: Cells of apex papillose; those of the stigma present a scale-like 
arrangement. 
Receptacle: Characterized by large, rounded, pitted cells. 
Peduncle: Débris furnished with T-shaped hairs and oil glands. 
Hart (119) has called particular attention to the large number of 
translucent particles which he found in the ray florets. They oc- 
curred in every part of the flower head, except the bracts, but were 
most numerous in the ray florets. When treated with osmic acid 
they darkened very slightly, if at all, but when treated with an 
alcoholic solution of alkannin they turned red, which proved them to 
be resinous. 
Schrenk (249) observed that the stems of the flower heads of Chrys- 
anthemum cinerarizfolium (furnishing the Dalmatian flowers) consist- 
ed of collenchyma tissue which exceeded in amount the bast and 
woody tissues of the fibro-vascular bundles. Therefore fragments of 
collenchyma cells would be present in proportion to the quantity of 
stems present, being very sparse in a good powder. ‘The use of chlor- 
iodid of zinc was recommended for their detection. Schrenk found 
the scales of the involucre to be stiffened on the outer side and on 
both sides of the midrib by a coherent layer of sclerenchyma cells, 
many of which were elongated, having oblique or pointed ends and 
being joined in the manner of prosenchyma cells. These were usually 
found as fragments in the powder, and could be recognized by their 
walls pierced with narrow canals. He also observed these fragments 
to be much more numerous in the Persian than in the Dalmatian 
powder. He explained this by the fact that the greater portion of 
the very rigid, greenish, involucral scales (with the exception of the 
dark, reddish-brown scarious margin) consisted of sclerenchyma cells. 
Numerous hairs of a very characteristic structure were found on the 
outer surface and along the membranous edges of the scales of the 
Dalmatian flowers and on the flower stems as well. Each of these 
hairs consisted of a long cell with attenuated ends, placed horizontally 
onal to 3 celled stalk rising from the epidermis. The terminal hon- 
zontal cell was bent and twisted in various ways, rather hooked at the 
end and forming feltlike layers, especially on the outermost scales. 
Schrenk detected few hairs in the Persian flower insect powder 
which he examined. The flowers of Chrysanthemum roseum which 
he subsequently examined were almost entirely glabrous, with the 
exception of the hairs found where the stem widens into the recep- 
tacle, as well as at the base of the outermost scales. The hairs were 
of the same structure as those found on C. cinerarizfolium, only the 
terminal cells were much longer. He considered the papille covering 
the upper epidermis the most conspicuous among the fragments of 
the marginal corolla. These were not regarded as diagnostic, since 
the petals of other related species are similarly constructed. Stomata 
were remarkably numerous on the lower side of the marginal corolla. 
He did not find the insect flowers raised in California (Buhach), 
which belong to C. cinerarizfolium, any different in structure from 
flowers grown in their native country. 
