INSECT POWDER 33 
TABLE 16.—Chemical analysis of insect powder adulterants (Dietze) 
Determination 
Soluble in— 
Adulterant Moisture Ether 
(loss at Ash Ordinary, Purest 
100°) petro- petro- 
Specific | Specific leum leum 
gravity, | gravity, ether ether 
0.735 0.720 
Johannesblumen von Chrys. Leucanthe- | Per cent | Per cent | Per cent | Per cent | Per cent | Per cent 
TOONS UT A SEE ERE Ea ee a eM a ig 7. 59 8. 22 3. 76 305 1t7/ 2. 46 2. 25 
Hlorachamomenyele ese eee 10. 39 12.72 (el 4. 96 4. 69 4.14 
Ho echamonts Roman =.= 222s 2 ee ea ae 6. 78 8. 65 10. 06 5. 34 4.09 4.05 
Flor. chamom. Calendule____-___-_-__-__- 11. 85 9.19 8. 20 7. 59 4,25 4, 32 
ASTURIAS tees ee Soe ee ec a Be 0. 99 2. 66 0. 23 0. 21 0.18 0. 10 
Holiatse nia es Bees oan OS ae ee ee 10. 13 11. 06 5. 91 3. 69 3. 36 3. 39 
Dietze declares that the value of an insect powder can not be 
determined by any of these extraction methods, whether made 
with ether, petroleum ether, or chloroform, and the determination 
of ash and moisture, but that a practical test upon insects is necessary. 
Fromme (85), in 1900, published results for ether extract deter- 
minations of from 6 to 7 per cent on half-opened buds and from 7 
to 9.5 per cent on unexpanded buds. The ether extract of pure 
flowers is of a golden-yellow color, while that of the stalks is of a 
greenish tint, thus making it easy to detect such adulteration. 
Haywood (121) gives the results of the chemical examination of a 
number of commercial insect powders shown in Table 17. 
TaBLE 17.—Chemical analysis of commercial insect powders (Haywood) 
Determination 
Product 
hen Ether Lead Chro- Barium 
Moisture : mium Turmeric 
extract in ash Am aan in ash 
Per cent | Per cent | Per cent 
Black flag insect powder-_-______- 7. 2h 8. 01 8.91 | None___-| None___-| None____| None 
Lesr lots OE oc es eee Oe eee 6. 96 9. 69 9509) s2dor = Sree Ore |eeed ons) 0. 
Persian insect powder -_________- 5. 82 12. 02 5.15 | Present -} Present - a OE ae Do. 
Pyrethrum insect powder__-__-__ 7. 39 7. 80 8.38 | None____-} None____|__- doris Do 
Death dust for insects_________- 6. 75 7. 74 1OVGS nC eee |e do#s eh do=s2) Do 
Pyrethrum powder_-___________- 7.49 11. $1 6568) | 222d Oneees |e Goss |S= dora Do 
Dalmatian insect powder-______- 6. 24 8. 35 6:43n) 222 dosee4| 222 does doe. Do. 
Tiger insect powder -______-___- 7. 68 6. 47 6o22n==d 02s |= GOwexs |e doze. Do. 
Magic insect powder-___________ 6. 47 5. 90 Gy30s |==2 doe = |222 do |2-3d0= se Do. 
ENSCCL- DOW GC = ee 6. 87 8. 03 GS 85 [a Osan ae Osa ee dor Do. 
Later, Haywood (122) gave the results of the examination of 
commercial insect powders for the presence of chromates. Chro- 
mium was determined quantitatively in the ash by titration with 
permanganate, and the values calculated to lead chromate. Of 105 
samples examined, 19, or 18 per cent, were colored with lead chro- 
mate, the amount of which varied from 0.12 to 1.47 per cent. 
Grieb (1/07) gives the ether-soluble matter of a number of insect 
powders. Nine samples obtained at different times from the same 
15072 °-—-26—_3 
