INSECT POWDER 49 
aids the analyst to determine from the analysis of an unknown com- 
mercial insect powder whether or not it is adulterated with powdered 
Pyrethrum stems. 
By the color of the ether extract and by a determination of the 
nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and crude fiber, together with a micro- 
scopical examination, the presence of powdered stems in insect pow- 
der can be shown qualitatively and an approximate determination 
of the amount of stems can be made. 
Table 36 summarizes all the results for nitrogen, phosphorus pen- 
toxid, crude fiber, ash, ash insoluble in ha aeochieets acid, pentosans, 
ether extract, moisture, and extraneous material, for stems and the 
three commercial grades of flowers, of both Dalmatian and Japanese 
origin. 
TABLE 36.—Summary of examination of insect flowers and stems 
‘ = s 
2 2 | 
Z, nl Q = COPS 
= a iS) a ee eines 
Product g r= Sa | 8 Boies |S = 
0 o q gS x a Je a > 
S 12 us) - 2 ® 22 a | a 
& -O 3 folie: a a =) S D >) 
ta ca a n a 5) = D paar 2 a) 
Z Ay oO =< leet Ay A | a a a) $ 
is Mime eGl | O60! at 464176) OS" |" 0. 19. |e eees 9'| eer, wg) en ee ae 
Japanese Close die ieee) 2: Ol Filae7HS: (24°70, | Sens |2, 03) |e eteeele. Sate feeeeeaal|, ou cilaunmo al nuaies 
WO ae oS DSSS Ave. 5 16813) | X680NeOselie7eagatas7Orii. Punibas lin Ih alieye Pal eae ape 
No. samples examined __/48 15 15 48 ASR) | Mirena cet foe Pm SS iy a Sor Ae Se ce 
F “ Son Vit eetelb3. 0.591 | 18.65 | 6.12 | 0.05 | 16.06 | 5.99 | 3.05 | 4.40 | 0. 57 0. 11 
paluistian closed Max <|2.09\ | 815 | 22°80 | 8 98 | .91 | 17.75 || 7.45°| 5103") 755 |-6. 44 || 75 
Thay ca iat Seaae aet Ave ._| 1. 759 . 700 | 20.81 | 7. 22 n2oeelG. 66) |) 658e5| 4. Usiebasé | 2572 30 
No. samples examined __|55 19 12 55 55 5 6 5 13 19 7 
Alene ClosedsestOWwersslViine=|sleoon | | KOZ5OI Si 18465) (86403 4| MONOD ase se ele |e el cee |e 
(Japanese and Dal- ;Max_-_} 2.09 tot isles Daal ike sy eave al WACO Sales Sue re Pe ok 1 aM eS ek af || 
TI GAT) ee eee Avie a ler (S42 0 S6Otelig22°09" [720i 2 4G)! eae Me one ee pe a Ne I 
No. samples examine@d__|103 34 27 103 UU ESE ps | ie | reso IDS |r | Ne | 
Min_-} 1. 40 OnS28uee aes GEASS OMI2E eee ee | ee 4.90 | 0.62 0. 14 
““Half-closed’’ flowers_{ Max_-_] 1.75 HOO Ms es TOS ATE, Nese ee eee 2 6.44 | 5.05 . 39 
AN C= els 000) ee GO62)) aaa = 7. 07 Poles es ees CERN Pee eS 5. 68 | 2.51 . 81 
No. samples examined __|18 ANC roh oy | ae eR OA 17 De fees ees We fae A ah 4 8 4 
Min_-_} 1.17 0.451 | 27.20 | 4.88 | 0.06 | 19.98 | 5.09 | 3.50 | 4.81 | 0.88 0. 10 
£*Open”’ flowers______- Max_-_]| 1. 40 . 667 | 35.85 | 7.87 | 1.38 | 21.72 | 6.60 | 4.70 | 9.21 | 4.99 . 90 
Ave_-_| 1. 267 . 5382 | 31.02 | 6.09 .26 | 21.11 | 5.81 | 406 | 6.69 | 2.33 47 
No. samples examined__|104 94 28 104 = |104 5 8 8 17 45 9 
(bia ONG104 | 05125 71 32539i41°3540 110)068 |exs- = 3] le Sle oe ha eee 
Japanese stems________ 4 Max-__| 1.12 ns ZeAT Tap | Gee Az Alb Ged Uo Ma G0 fe) foc Se eae ha ape PE aco oe ag 
{tAve__| .928 . 326 | 44.38 | 5.38 CS Fa gee oe Sea De ly RMD |b | (ee Ps oy ee ee 
No. samples examined__|1Z 12 12 12 Epp) LE | a fe ie | [ele 
NV iiaY OS 5470) Onblieleaondb4. 1p160) |) OF09) | M754 |p 2584 | eb3) 4.50 jose 0. 38 
Dalmatian stems_____- Vite GOON me od OM a2 OS ee Os O il eeOOM alsa r2On)| ios | mandi |e ile 2A )s | eee 8. 89 
Aver _| (33 . 192 | 37.69 | 4.68 Q9y | US! Qe eS F220) We 440 Tee 3. 93 
No. sampies examined _-| 6 26 ela 26 26 5 7 7 TAS th a | ieee 9 
All stems (Japanese Min t a 0. red B a 3: a i A Si eceGl oie el ert ersiits ca eueRtr Salle Gone 
and Dalmatian) _____ pL Sa lie aha val : DIAN baie? “allan le aren pees Se a ips oe 
Ave.-_| .765 . 23 40. 66 | 4. 90 50) eras’ eee jhe 5 aiid anette Sg 
No. samples examined__|18 38 | 27 38 Sie | w teemetema ct Race ttetes toe cl [ie eacneoen | eae | ee 
In estimating the quantity of stems in an unknown sample, its 
nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxid contents are compared with the 
10572°—26——_4 
