58 BULLETIN 824, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Tasie 45.—Analysis of Pyrethrum flowers and stems (1918 to 1924, inclusive) 
Composition 
art Number - 
Product Origin of ist 
samples Nitrogen, N Total ash | insoluble 
in HCl 
Per cent Per cent | Per cent 
Minimum__-___-_- 1.19 4. 34 Trace. 
Pyrethrum flowers (C. cinerarixfo- | Europe--- 288 |, Maximum____-_- 1.97 9. 42 1.78 
lium). (Average_________ 1. 53 6. 39 . 24 
Minimum.______ 1.15 4. 55 Trace 
TOG Si Sire ine ee ae ies ie ee Japan] 265 |< Maximum ______ 2. 27 8.31 2.10 
A Veragessse2 ra 1.76 6. 32 OL 
2.08 9. 37 .99 
Pyrethrum flowers (C. rosewm) ___-__- France___- 3 2. 07 9. 98 1, 28 
2. 23 9.13 . 90 
Minimum_______ 58 3. 30 Trace. 
Is Vre Christe m Ss cy ee ee ee Europe-_-__- 28 |; Maximum_-__-___ 6. 63 0. 41 
j AV CTASC. Rave 72 4, 84 asl 
. 94 6. 20 . 92 
TD) ete serene Epps ee Deh ees Paring es Japan 2 3 1. 56 8.00 2. 01 
1. 36 7. 63 2. 65 
TABLE 46.—Analysis of commercial insect powder (1918 to 1924, inclusive) 
Composition 
Wumber 
Product of Lae 
samples Nitrogen, N Total ash} insoluble 
in HCl 
Per cent Per cent | Per cent 
Minimum. _-____- 1.04 5. 00 Trace. 
Unadulterateds pow derssncs ae ee ens 302 |{Maximum______ 2.07 8.77 2. 00 
A Vieragen = 2 1. 59 6. 97 -91 
Minimum.._____- . 62 3. 90 Trace. 
Naulteratedypow ders seen: Oe ee Ne ee 158 |{ Maximum___-___ 2. 02 13. 10 8. 28 
Average_________ 1. 48 7. 93 2. 00 
Of the 553 shipments of whole flowers (C. cinerarizfolium) ex- 
amined from 1918 to 1924, inclusive (Table 45), daisy flowers (C. 
leucanthemum) were found in only 8 cases and never in excess of 1 
as cent. In 5 samples a few flowers of the genus Anthemis were 
ound (a fraction of 1 per cent). Acid-insoluble ash in excess of 2 
per cent was found in only 1 case and in excess of 114 per cent in 
only 6 cases. 
f the 490 shipments of commercial insect powder examined from 
1918 to 1924, inclusive (Table 46), 158, or more than 32 per cent, 
were adulterated. Powdered daisy flowers were present in 41 sam- 
ples from a trace to more than 25 percent. Thirty-one samples con- 
tained too high a proportion of powdered insect flower stems, eight 
consisting entirely of powdered stems. (Samples labeled as con- 
taining stems are not included in the table.) Powdered turmeric, 
from a trace to more than 10 per cent, was found in 15 samples. 
Seventy-nine samples contained ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid 
in excess of 2 per cent, the maximum being 8.3 per cent. One sample 
contained more than 25 per cent of powdered foward of an unidenti- 
fied species; another contained a little cornstarch; and a third 
contained a small proportion of powdered eucalyptus leaf tissues. 
Samples have not been obtained from every importation of insect 
flowers nor from every interstate shipment of insect powder, but it is 
