INSECT POWDER 69 
Table 48 shows the solvents used, the total amount of extracted 
material removed by each solvent, and the amount of insoluble resin 
‘ separating out in each case. 
TaBLE 48.—Amount of material extracted by various solvents from the flowers of 
C. cinerarizfolium (sample No. 26962) 
| 
Total | Insoluble 
Solvent extract resin 
Per cent | Per cent 
(CIN Ngan s os See SS ee ee ae eS i eee are ae ee Bs 5 ee a . 93 0. 04 
EEN OH Gbe UAE OLI Oe ces re Ee ge ad wine tgs eg rad pa eg 6. 51 . 80 
eee sncrawen sae ye heret heated: Poirait “PF Pr rere re eee VI Pe ct 7.85 .77 
IRCbEOICRNTReL Nera ere eaten EP TAS Sere eS re bee ee } oad ay 
Carbon disulphide. — ee a bE Si a «bs ne Shere BANE) 2 I aE ae ee 4, 57 . 62 
HRs alegnio les see eer ean en 3S Cee a oe ne hae Se ee, he OE NE we 28. 78 11. 38 
Bib ylal con Ole GQ DSONALC rsa es see Oh ee ee Se 19.18 1a 
Mi hyikatconel Gospencanbye. cs k ee be) ee y ees es PUP ee PP eee a Lr ey 30. 91 4.18 
JCD IC INES eee Be Bee Oe eS ae ee ae ee Ek eek ee eee © RR ee eae eee a See 16. 66 2. 20 
LeGGhT7G) be he SO Bes 28 Bay BEE ee 28 Re a nee nS ne A nl ei a Ce 5. 74 : 
No insoluble resin is formed in extracting with benzol, and only 
a trace with chloroform. The large amount of insoluble extract in 
the case of methyl alcohol is explained by the fact that the solution 
went nearly to dryness through loss of the solvent by evaporation. 
In view of the fact that all the solvents completely removed the 
insecticidal principle, as shown by practical tests, and petroleum 
ether extracted the smallest amount of material, it was decided to 
use petroleum ether as the solvent in further work and to use a perco- 
lator in making the extractions, to avoid heating the material in 
solution. 
For the percolation a quantity of the highest grade closed Japanese 
insect “flowers procurable was coarsely powdered, packed in a glass 
percolator and macerated with the solvent for 48 hours. The percola- 
tion was then allowed to proceed slowly, the solution being drawn 
off at the rate of about 1 drop a second. The beautiful slightly 
greenish-yellow solution obtained was placed in large glass crystal- 
lizing dishes, and the solvent allowed to evaporate at room tempera- 
ture in a current of air. The residue was partly solid and partly 
an oily liquid, at ordinary temperature, of a reddish-yellow color, 
and had a strong characteristic odor. Nothing crystalline was ob- 
served in this residue. Careful tests showed that it did not contain 
any nitrogen. : 
Procedure 1.—¥or further separation of the materials present in 
this residue, the entire material extracted by the petroleum ether was 
saponified by boiling with alcoholic eee (22 grams of potassium 
hydroxid and 600 cc. 95 per cent alcohol to 32 grams of extract). 
The boiling was continued for 75 minutes, the alcohol removed by 
_ evaporation on the steam bath, the residue taken up in water, and 
the alkaline solution extracted with ether. The ethereal extracts, 
which were of a beautiful reddish-yellow color, were combined, washed 
with a little water, dried over calcium chlorid, and the ether removed 
_ by evaporation at room temperature in a current of air. A mass of 
_ reddish-yellow powder was left. On recrystallizing this powder from 
alcohol, the first recrystallization removed all of the red color, and 
the second all but a trace of the yellow color, leaving crystals of a 
